GIFT   OF 


A  CATECHISM 


ON 


VOCATIONAL  EDUCATION 


IN 


WEST  VIRGINIA 


UNDER 


THE  SMITH-HUGHES  LAW 


Prepared  by 
J.  F.  MARSH,  State  Director 

Issued  by 
THE  STATE  BOARD  OF  EDUCATION 


Charleston 
1921 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 

in  2007  with  funding  from 

Microsoft  Corporation 


htlp:/AA/W\A^^rchlve.6rg/details/cat6chismbnv^ 


A  CATECHISM 

ON 

VOCATIONAL  EDUCATION 

IN 

WEST  VIRGINIA 

UNDER 

THE  SMITH-HUGHES  LAW 


•  •  •  • 


Prepared  by 
J.  F.  MARSH,  State  Director 

Issued  by 
THE  STATE  BOARD  OF  EDUCATION 

Charleston 
1921 


JARRETT      PRINTING      CO..      CHARLESTON 


6 


THE  PURPOSE  OF   THIS   BULLETIN 

This  bulletin  is  intended  to  answer  many  questions  coming  to  the 
State  Board  of  Education  regarding  vocational  education  in  West 
Virginia  under  the  Smith-Hughes  Law;  and,  to  give  general  directions 
and  suggestions  to  teachers  and  officials  who  wish  to  take  advantage 
of  the  provisions  of  the  Federal  and  State  laws  relating  to  vocational 
education. 

Material  and  directions  in  greater  detail  may  be  had  on  application 

to  the  state  supervisors  who  are  listed  on  p. It  is  the  hope  of  the 

author  that  this  bulletin  will  make  plain  the  general  purposes,  pro- 
visions, and  workings  of  the  Smith-Hughes  Law  for  promoting  voca- 
tional education  as  it  applies  to  West  Virginia. 

Respectfully  submitted, 
STATE  BOARD  OF  EDUCATION, 
J.  F.  Marsh,  Secretary.  George  M.  Ford,  President. 

Geo.  S.  Laidley, 
E.  W.  Oglebay, 
L.  W.  Burns, 
W.  C.  Cook, 
Howard  M.  Gore, 
Mrs.  Lenna  Lowe  Yost- 


469868 


THE  SMITH-HUGHES  LAW— ITS  PURPOSE. 

Q.     What  is  the  Smith-Hughes  Law? 

A.  It  is  a  Federal  law  passed  by  Congress  in  1917  intended  to  pro- 
mote vocational  education  through  Federal  stimulation  and  Federal 
aid  to  the  States  for  this  purpose. 

See  p. for  the  full  text  of  the  Smith-Hughes  Law. 

Q.     Why  was  this  law  passed? 

A.  Congress  felt  that  our  educational  system  had  fallen  short  of 
its  opportunity  by  not  providing  more  special  training  for  the  large 
army  of  persons  who  must  go  directly  from  the  elementary  schools 
and  lower  grades  of  the  high  schools  to  employment,  and,  for  the 
hundreds  of  thousands  of  workers  who  desire  to  continue  their  educa- 
tion without  giving  up  their  positions  as  workers. 

Q.  Does  the  law  indicate  a  new  tendency  in  our  Government  with 
respect  to  education? 

A.  No,  Congress  under  the  Morrill,  Adams,  and  Lever  acts  and 
several  others  has,  for  many  years,  provided  assistance  to  the  states 
to  stimulate  training  in  Agriculture  and  the  Mechanic  Arts.  The 
Smith-Hughes  Law  is  an  extension  of  an  old  policy  that  has  worked 
well. 

THE  FEDERAL  ORGANIZATION  FOR  VOCATIONAL  WORK. 

Q.     How  is  the  Federal  Law  administered? 

A.  By  the  Federal  Board  for  Vocational  Education  (200  New 
Jersey  Ave.,  Washington,  D.  C),  appointed  by  the  President  of  the 
United  States. 

Q.     Does  the  Federal  Board  send  representatives  to  local  schools? 

A.  Federal  agents  work  only  through  state  representatives.  Ex- 
perts are  sent  out  by  the  Federal  Board  to  check  up  the  work  of  state 
officers  in  charge  of  vocational  education.  Their  services  may  be  se- 
cured by  local  schools  through  the  State  organization. 

Q.  What  is  the  attitude  of  the  Federal  authorities  who  administer 
the  vocational  law? 

A.  Some  persons  have  the  impression  that  the  Federal  authorities 
are  dictatorial  and  over-technical.  In  truth  they  have  been  very  con- 
siderate ^and  liberal  in  dealing  with  West  Virginia.  They  allow  every 
possible  adjustment  to  local  conditions  so  long  as  the  purposes  of  the 
Smith-Hughes  Law  are  being  carried  out. 

THE  STATE  ORGANIZATION  FOR  VOCATIONAL  WORK. 

Q.     Who  has  charge  of  vocational  education  in  West  Virginia? 

-  A.  The  State  Board  of  Education  is  directly  responsible  for  de- 
termining and  carrying  out  the  educational  policy  as  it  relates  to 
vocational  education  under  the  Smith-Hughes  Law. 

Q.  What  officers  are  directly  responsible  for  supervising  the  dif- 
ferent phases  of  vocational  education? 


6 

A.     The  following  table  shows  the  state  organization  for  1921-1922: 

J.  F.  Marsh,  Charleston,  State  Director. 

Rachel  H.  Colwell,  Morgantown,  State  Supervisor  of  Vocational 
Home  Economics.  (She  will  give  only  a  small  part  of  her 
time  to  the  general  supervision  of  the  work.  The  State 
Board  of  Education  hopes  to  announce  the  appointment  of  an 
assistant  supervisor  who  will  take  charge  of  the  field  work 
in  the  near  future.) 

C.  H.  Winkler,  Morgantown,  State  Supervisor  of  Vocational 
Agriculture.  (Others  will  assist  Dr.  Winkler,  but  he  will  be 
in  position  to  answer  all  questions  concerning  this  special 
subject. ) 

Geo.  E.  Hubbs,  Charleston,  State  Supervisor  of  Trades  and 
Industries.  (Mr.  Hubbs  will  give  special  attention  to  or- 
ganizing and  supervising  industrial  departments,  part-time 
classes  and  evening  schools  in  trade  and  industrial  education.) 

A.  C.  Callen,  Morgantown,  State  Supervisor  of  Mining  Educa- 
tion. (He  will  have  charge  of  a  corps  of  extension  teachers 
who  will  conduct  evening  classes  for  miners  in  different  parts 
of  the  State.) 

Edward  S.  Maclin,  Morgantown,  State  Supervisor  of  Teacher- 
training  in  Industrial  Subjects  and  Professor  of  General 
Vocational  Education  in  the  West  Virginia  University. 

HOW  TO  SECURE  FEDERAL  AND  STATE  AID. 

Q.     How  may  local  boards  of  education  and  school  officials  secure 
aid  in  vocational  education? 

A.     The  general  steps  may  be  outlined  as  follows: 

(1)  Write  to  the  state  supervisor  of  the  subject  or  subjects 
in  which  you  are  interested,  asking  for  application  form,  regu- 
lations and  suggestions.  As  a  rule  it  will  be  possible  to  secure 
a  visit  from  the  state  supervisor  if  the  request  is  made  in 
good  time.  If  state  and  federal  aid  are  desired,  it  is  important 
that  the  state  officers  be  advised  in  advance  so  that  the  work 
will  be  organized  in  accordance  with  federal  and  state  laws. 
Funds  cannot  be  reserved  for  classes  unless  the  state  officers 
know  the  demands  in  advance. 

(2)  When  classes  are  organized  in  accordance  with  the  sug- 
gestions given  in  (1)  above,  the  proper  state  supervisors 
should  be  notified  and  requested  to  visit  the  classes  and  to 
furnish  proper  blanks  for  the  necessary  reports. 

(3)  A  final  report,  simple  in  its  nature,  is  required  at  the 
end  of  the  year  and  should  be  sent  on  prescribed  forms  to  the 
proper  supervisor  so  that  reports  may  be  made  to  the  Federal 
Board  in  accordance  with  the  federal  law. 

Q.     How  much  aid  is  given  for  approval  classes? 

A.     As  a  general  rule  the  local  community  pays  one-half  the  salary 


of  the  teacher,  the  other  half  being  paid  from  the  federal  funds  or 
from  federal  and  state  funds  combined. 

Q.     How  is  the  check  secured? 

A.  The  entire  salary  of  the  teacher  should  be  paid  in  the  ordinary 
way  by  the  local  board.  At  the  end  of  the  year  or  school  a  payroll 
in  favor  of  the  local  board  should  be  made  out  and  forwarded  to  the 
proper  state  supervisor  for  approval.  Then  a  check  on  the  federal  and 
state  funds  for  reimbursement  is  drawn  and  sent  to  the  treasurer  of 
the  local  board,  or  the  sheriff  of  the  county  to  be  credited  to  the  fund 
from  which  approved  vocational  teachers  were  paid. 

Q.  Will  the  payments  always  amount  to  fifty  per  cent  of  thie  salary 
of  approved  vocational  teachers? 

A.  Not  necessarily.  If  the  demands  for  vocational  classes  grow 
sufficiently,  it  may  be  necessary  for  the  State  Board  of  Education  to 
pro-rate  federal  and  state  funds,  or  to  offer  a  flat  sum  to  be  credited 
on  the  salary  of  approved  teachers. 

FUNDS  AVAILABLE  FOR  VOCATIONAL  EDUCATION. 

Q.  How  much  aid  does  the  Federal  Board  give  for  Vocational  Edu- 
cation in  West  Virginia? 

A.  For  the  year  1921-22  the  federal  allotments  to  West  Virginia 
will  be  as  follows: 

(1)  For    vocational    agriculture $31,949.87 

(2)  For  trade,  industry  and  home 

economics    10,273.61 

(3)  For  training  vocational  teachers 13,904.10 

Total  for  state $56,127.58 

State  Appropriation  for  Vocational  Education, 

1921-22    ..../ 25,000.(K) 


Total  available  for  vocational  education $81,127.58 

Q.     What  special  limitations  are  placed  upon  the  use  of  these  funds? 

A.  Below  are  given  some  of  the  special  divisions  that  must  be  made 
in  the  use  of  the  funds  allotted  to  the  State  by  the  Federal  Govern- 
ment : 

(1)  Only  twenty  per  cent  of  the  fund  for  trade  and  home 
economics,  (2)  above,  can  be  used  for  home  economics. 

(2)  At  least  one-third  of  the  same  fund,  (2)  above,  must 
be  used  for  approved  part-time  classes  or  not  used  at  all.  West 
Virginia  has  not  yet  met  the  requirements  for  using  all  of  this 
one-third. 

(3)  The  teacher-training  fund,  (3)  above,  can  be  used  only 
for  training  persons  who  are  preparing  to  teach  vocational 
classes.  This  training  is  offered  at  our  State  University,  at 
local  centers,  and  to  individual  teachers  by  itinerant  instructors 
sent  out  by  the  state.  West  Virginia  to  date  has  been  able  to 
use  only  a  part  of  the  teacher-training  fund  because  we  do  not 


8 

have  enough  vocational  classes  and  schools  to  induce  large 
numbers  of  persons  to  prepare  specifically  for  vocational 
teaching. 

(4)     A  good  portion  of  the  teacher-training  fund  is  used  for 
state   supervision   since  the   Federal   Board   rules   that   helpful 
supervision  is  one  phase  of  teacher-training. 
Q.     Will  any  of  the  state  appropriaticn  be  available  for  classes  that 
do  not  meet  Federal  reauirements? 

A.  It  is  hoped  that  local  communities  will  match  a  large  part  of 
the  Federal  fund  so  that  some  of  the  state  appropriation  may  be  used 
for  vocational  projects  that  do  not  meet  all  of  the  requirements  of  the 
Smith-Hughes  Law. 

Q.  May  funds  from  private  sources  be  used  to  match  Federal 
vocational  funds? 

A.  If  such  funds  are  turned  over  to  the  local  board  of  education 
without  condition  and  are  thus  converted  into  public  funds,  they  may 
be  used  to  match  Federal  payments. 

TYPES  OF  WORK   APPROVED. 

Q.  What  general  types  of  vocational  work  are  approved  for  re- 
imbursement? 

A.  A  complete  answer  may  be  found  to  this  inquiry  by  reference 
to  the  state  plans  in  this  bulletin  (pp. ). 

Q.  What  are  some  of  the  most  common  types  of  work  under  these 
headings? 

A.     The  following  notes  will  answer  this  question  in  a  general  way: 

(1)  Agriculture — 

(a)  Regular  vocational  departments  in  high  schools,  pp.  — ). 

(b)  A  few  evening  classes. 

(2)  Home  Economics — 

(a)  Regular  vocational  departments  in  high  schools  and  some 

institutions  offering  secondary  courses. 

(b)  Evening  schools  for  women  who  take  special  short  series 

of  lessons  in  some  phase  of  cooking  or  sewing. 

(3)  Trades  and  Industries — 

(a)  All-day  department  in  high  schools  for  young  persons 

preparing  for  a  definite  trade  (Parkersburg  is  plan- 
ning to  offer  such  a  course  in  1921-22). 

(b)  Part-time  classes  for  young  persons  who  have  entered 

employment  and  enrolled  in  courses  to  improve  their 
vocational  efficiency  or  civic  intelligence.  Persons  who 
enroll  in  such  classes  must  attend  as  much  as  144 
hours  during  the  school  year.  (Wheeling  conducted 
such  classes  in  1920-21.) 

(c)  Evening  classes  giving  short  series  of  lessons  to  groups 

of  workers  in  such  subjects  as: — 

Automobile  repair  (for  garage  men  only). 
Industrial  drawings  suited  to  trade  members  of 
class. 


Carpentry  for  carpenters. 

Chemistry,  etc.,  for  nurses. 

Millinery  on  industrial  basis  for  women  in  that 
trade. 

Shop  mathematics  adapted  to  trade  members  of 
class. 

Applied  chemistry. 

Sheet  metal  work. 

Oxyacetylene  welding. 

Pottery. 

Blue  print  reading. 

Sign  making. 

Mining. 

Etc.,  Etc. 
Special  Note: — Persons  interested  should  examine  carefully  the  re- 
quirements set  out  in  detail  for  the  different  kinds  of  vocational  work 
in  the  state  plans  (page  11).  The  state  supervisors  will  be  pleased 
to  furnish  suggested  courses  of  study  and  special  assistance  in  or- 
ganizing classes  to  persons  making  inquiry. 

WHY  SOME  WORK  IS  NOT  APPROVED. 

Q.  Why  dees  the  Federal  Government  not  give  aid  to  ordinary 
school  work? 

A.  That  question  is  in  process  of  being  answered  by  Congress  in 
considering  the  provisions  of  what  is  generally  known  as  the  Smith- 
Towner  bill.  It  must  be  remembered  that  the  Smith-Hughes  law  was 
deliberately  drawn  with  very  narrow  limitations  for  the  purpose  of 
giving  aid  to  one  small  but  neglected  branch  of  our  educational  system. 

Q.  Is  ordinary  home  economics  work  classified  as  vocational  under 
the  Smith-Hughes  law? 

A.  Such  work  is  highly  commended  by  the  Federal  authorities,  but 
is  considered  work  that  is  taken  care  of  in  a  normal  way  without  any 
Federal  aid. 

Q.  What  is  the  difference  between  vocational  work  under  the 
Smith-Hughes  law  and  the  ordinary  work  in  such  subjects  as  home 
economics,  manual  training,  agriculture  and  commercial  subjects? 

A.  As  these  subjects  are  usually  taught  in  our  high  schools,  they 
are  classified  as  coming  under  the  head  of  general  training  as  opposed 
to  training  for  persons  preparing  definitely  for  some  trade  or  occupa- 
tion. By  examining  the  plans  found  in  this  bulletin  it  will  be  seen 
that  Smith-Hughes  classes  must  give  approximately  fifty  per  cent  of 
the  time  to  very  specific  laboratory  or  shop  practice  in  the  occupation 
for  which  the  students  are  preparing. 

Important  Comment: 

Persons  in  charge  of  schools  should  know  that  the  Federal  Govern- 
ment is  in  no  way  opposed  to  what  might  be  termed  old-line  education. 


10 

Several  of  our  school  men  have  complained  because  Federal  aid  has 
not  been  allowed  for  such  work  not  remembering  that  the  small 
amount  of  Federal  money  given  to  the  states  is  intended  for  what  is 
termed  "vocational  education."  The  persons  in  charge  of  the  Federal 
and  state  administration  of  the  Smith-Hughes  law  are  anxious  that 
our  school  program  be  well  balanced  and  that  no  impression  go  abroad 
that  we  have  a  "hobby"  or  that  we  are  opposed  to  the  general  school 
program  that  is  essential  for  the  general  training  of  all  young 
Americans. 

WHAT  WORK  HAS  BEEN  DONE  IN  THE  STATE. 

Q.  To  what  extent  has  vocational  education  under  the  Smith- 
Hughes  law  been  carried  out  in  West  Virginia? 

A.  A  complete  report  for  the  year  1919-20  may  be  found  in  the 
printed  report  of  the  State  Board  of  Education.  It  is  not  the  purpose 
of  this  bulletin  to  serve  as  a  report,  but  the  following  statement  will 
give  a  general  idea  of  the  approved  vocational  work  done  in  the  year 
1920-21: 

(1)  Num.  high  schols  with  regular  vocational  agricultural 

departments   32 

(2)  State  institutions  with  regular  vocational   agricultural 

departments   5 

(Keyser,  Concord,  Shepherd  Opllege,  Collegiate 
Institute,  and  class  for  disabled  soldiers  at  the 
University.) 

(3)  Num.  of  regular  students  enrolled  in  vocational  depart- 

ments of  agriculture 776 

(4)  Evening  school  at  Wheeling — 

Welding — num.  enrolled   19 

Pottery — num.  enrolled  11 

Carpentry — ^num.    enrolled' 14 

Drawing — num.  enrolled  83 

Sheet    metal — num.    enrolled 12 

Shop  mathematics — num.  enrolled 18 

Evening  school  at  Parkersburg — 

Chemistry   for  nurses 15 

Cabinet    making    20 

Blue  print  '. : 19 

(5)  Num.  centers  where  regular  evening  classes  for  miners 

are    conducted    ^ 24 

(6)  Num-  enrolled  in  evening  mining  classes 458 

(7)  Part-time  classes — Wheeling — 

Apprentice   pattern  makers 9 

Apprentice  machinists  14 

(8)  Part-time  summer  school  for  mine  foremen — 

University    68 

(9)  Evening  home  economics  schools — 

At  Charleston — sewing  21 


11 

At    Huntington — sewing 14 

At    Parkersburg — sewing    20 

At   Parkersburg — dietetics   25 

At  Wheeling — sewing   49 

At   Wheeling — cooking    89 

Note: — The  summary  above  does  not  include  classes  in  teacher- 
training  at  the  West  Virginia  University  and  at  Wheeling;  and  does 
not  take  into  account  itinerant  teacher-training  for  teachers  of  agri- 
culture and  evening  classes  for  miners. 

PLANS   FOR   VOCATIONAL   EDUCATION    IN    WEST   VIRGINIA 

Approved  by  the  State  Board  of  Education,  1921-22. 

Note: — These  plans  have  been  formally  approved  by  the  Federal 
Board,  and  constitute  a  contract  between  the  Federal  Board  and  our 
State  Board  with  respect  to  vocational  education  under  the  Smith- 
Hughes  Law. 

I. — Administration  and  Supervision. 

1.  The  State  Board  of  Education  will  have  general  direction 
and  supervision  of  vocational  education,  the  president  of  that 
board  acting  as  executive  officer,  and  the  secretary  being  state 
director  of  vocational  education. 

2.  Agricullural  education — The  state  director  who  is  an  ex- 
perienced man  with  a  doctor's  degree  in  agricultural  education 
will  have  general  charge  of  the  work. 

The  assisant  state  director  who  will  give  special  attention  to 
supervision  in  the  field  is  a  graduate  of  an  agricultural  college 
with  work  almost  completed  for  a  master's  degree.  He  is  a  man 
of  good  experience  in  farming  and  in  educational  work. 

3.  Trade  and  Industrial  Education — The  state  supervisor  is  a 
member  of  the  State  Department  of  Education.  He  is  a  man  with 
training  nearly  equivalent  to  graduation  from  our  State  Uni- 
versity. His  training  and  interests  are  in  the  direction  of  educa- 
tion in  the  trades.  Having  been  a  teacher  of  manual  training,  a 
builder,  a  city  superintendent  and,  for  many  years,  a  member  of 
the  State  Department  of  Education,  he  is  fully  prepared  to  or- 
ganize and  supervise  classes  and  schools  in  trades  education 
throughout  the  state. 

The  head  of  the  mining  department  of  the  College  of  Engineer- 
ing of  the  West  Virginia  University  (Prof.  Callen)  will  continue 
as  supervisor  of  classes  for  miners. 

4.  Home  economics — The  organization  referred  to  under 
(III- A)  will  be  maintained.  The  supervision  will  be  done  more 
and  more  from  the  State  Department  of  Education.  After  July 
1,  1922,  the  supervisor's  office  will  be  at  the  State  Capitol. 

The  supervisors  and  assistants  must  be  graduates  of  standard 
colleges  with  major  work  in  home  economics.  They  must  have  a 
thorough  knowledge  of  the  problems  with  which  they  deal  joined 
by  adequate  experience. 


12 

5.  Teacher  training — Teacher  training  will  be  maintained  in 
each  of  the  three  fields  of  vocational  education,  in  accordance  with 
the  plans  outlined  under  each  division.  It  is  found  best,  for  ad- 
ministrative purposes,  to  have  the  teacher-training  plan  for  each 
subject  appear  in  the  state  plan  for  that  subject. 

II. — General  Conditions. 

1.  All  of  the  work  will  be  under  the  control  and  supervision  of 
the  State  Board  of  Education  and  will  be  done  in  or  by  public 
■  high  schools  or  other  public  institutions,  under  public  supervision 
and  control. 

2. .  The  controlling  purpose  of  all  school  work  for  which  Smith- 
Hughes  aid  is  requested  will  be  to  fit  for  useful  employment. 

3.  The  work  will  be  below  college  grade.  Most  of  it  will  be 
of  high  school  grade,  but  some  mature,  able  students,  not  tech- 
nically of  high  school  attainments,  may  be  admitted  to  some 
classes. 

4.  The  instruction  will  be  designed  for  persons  over  fourteen 
years  of  age.  This  rule  will  be  interpreted  according  to  Memo 
C  (P15)  of  the  Federal  Board  for  Vocational  Education. 

5.  Every  dollar  of  Federal  funds  will  be  matched  by  a  dollar 
of  State  or  local  money,  or  both.  Local  boards  and  officials  of 
institutions  will  be  required  to  set  aside  "Smith-Hughes  allot- 
ments" to  be  used  in  matching  Federal  funds. 

6.  Money  will  expended  only  for: 

A.  Salaries  of  teachers,  supervisors  and  directors  of 
Agriculture. 

B.  Salaries  of  teachers  of  Trade,  Home  Economics  and 
Industrial  Subjects. 

C.  Maintenance  of  Teacher-training  for  vocational  teach- 
ers, not  to  include  buildings,  permanent  equipment, 
etc.,  prohibited  under  Section  17  of  the  Federal  Act. 

7.  "It  is  to  be  understood  that  not  more  than  20  per  cent  of 
the  allotment  for  trade  and  home  economics  shall  be  expended 
for  Home  Economics  subjects,  and  that  at  least  one-third  of  this 
fund,  if  expended,  shall  be  applied  to  part-time  classes. 

"It  is  further  understod  that  not  less  than  20  per  cent  or  more 
than  60  per  cent  of  fund  for  teacher-training  will  be  expended  for 
teacher-training  in  any  one  of  the  three  lines:  Home  Economics, 
Trade  and  Industry  or  Agriculture. 

8.  State  Money: 

The  recent  session  of  the  Legislature  appropriated  $3,000  for 
each  year  to  be  used  for  State  administration  and  supervision  and 
other  purposes  in  accordance  with  the  budget  to  be  made  by  the 
newly  created  State  Board  of  Education,  which  went  into  power 
on  July  1,  1919.  It  is  assumed  that  the  State  Board  will  use 
enough  of  this  money  to  provide  ample  State  direction  for  the 
experienced  supervisors  who  will  be  secured  in  cooperation  with 
West  Virginia  University. 


13 

The  amount  of  time  to  be  given  to  the  different  branches  of 
the  work  by  the  Professor  of  Industrial  Education,  and  the  salary 
to  be  paid  to  him,  cannot  be  given,  because  the  position  is  vacant 
as  these  plans  are  submitted.  Dean  C.  R.  Jones  of  the  College 
of  Engineering  will  act  until  a  man  is  appointed. 

V 

III. — Agricultural  education. 

(Apply  for  Bulletin  on  Vocational  Agriculture  for  details.) 

1.  Kinds  of  Schools. 

A.  Department  of  vocational  agriculture: 

(a)  In  high  schols  that  are  prepared  to  give  a  two, 
three  or  four  year  course  in  vocational  agriculture. 

(b)  In  state  schools, 

B.  Part-time  schools:  These  may  be  short  courses,  unit 
courses,  or  evening  classes.  Unit  courses  may  be  established 
only  in  school  districts  maintaining  the  regular  two,  three,  or 
four  year  course. 

2.  Plant  and  Equipment. 

A.  In  departments  of  vocational  agriculture: 

(a)  Separate    class-rooms    and    laboratories    in    ac- 
cordance with  the  lists  set  forth  in  Bulletin  No.  2. 

(b)  A     good    collection    of    reference    books    and 
bulletins. 

(c)  Several  good  farm  papers  and  periodicals. 

B.  In  part-time  schools: — . 

(a)  Adequate   equipment   and   apparatus   to    demon- 
strate   the     application     of     principles     and     methods 

studied  in  the  course  must  be  provided. 

(b)  Reference    books,    bulletins,    and    a   few   farm 
papers. 

3.  Minimum  for  maintenance. 

A.  Each  school  will  be  required  to  provide  a  properly  quali- 
fied teacher  for  vocational  agriculture,  who  shall  be  employed 
for  twelve  calendar  months. 

B.  The  minimum  of  maintenance,  exclusive  of  teachers* 
salaries  will  vary  with  the  nature  of  the  work  undertaken,  but 
for  departments  of  vocational  agriculture  local  boards  of  educa- 
tion will  provide  a  fund  of  not  less  than  five  dollars  ($5)  per 
pupil  for  supplies  and  materials. 

4.  Course  of  Study. 

A.     In  departments  of  vocational  agriculture: 
First  year: 

(a)  Vocational  subjects — ^two  or  two  and  one-half 
units.  Crop  production,  including  farm  shop — 450 
minutes  per  week  plus  directed  or  supervised  practice 
in  agriculture — two  units;  crop  production,  450  min- 
utes per  week,  and  farm  shop,  180  minutes  per  week 
I  plus   directed   or  supervised   practice   in   agriculture — 

two  and  one-half  units. 


14 

(b)     Non-vocational   subjects — two   units. 
Second  year: 

(a)  Vocational  subjects — two  or  two  and  one-half 
units.  Animal  husbandry — 450  minutes  per  week  plus 
directed  or  supervised  practice  in  agriculture — two 
units,  or,  animal  husbandry,  450  minutes  per  week — 
and  farm  shop,  180  minutes  per  week  plus  directed  or 
supervised  practice  in  agriculture — two  and  one-half 
units. 

(b)  Non-Vocaticnal  subjects — two  units. 
Third  year: 

(a)  Vocational   subjects — tv/o   units. 

Special  subjects  (poultry,  fruit  growing,  gardening, 
etc.),  450  minutes  per  week  plus  directed  or  super- 
vised practice  in  agriculture — two  units. 

(b)  Non-vocational  subjects — two  units. 
Fourth  year: 

(a)  Vocational   subjects — ^two   units. 

Farm  management  and  engineering,  450  minutes 
per  week  plus  directed  or  supervised  practice  in  agri- 
culture— ^two  units. 

(b)  Non-vocational   subjects — two   units. 
B.     In  part-time  schools. 

(a)  Short  course,  unit  courses  or  evening  classes: 
Instruction  in  part-time  schools  will  be  in  vocational 
subjects  only,  and  the  course  of  study  will  be  adapted 
to  local  conditions.  These  courses  will  embrace  such 
subjects  as  farm  crops,  dairying,  poultry  raising, 
stock  raising,  fruit  growing,  vegetable  gardening, 
plant  diseases  and  insect  life  on  the  farm,  soils  and 
fertilizers,  diseases  of  farm  animals,  farm  accounts 
and  farm  bookkeeping  and  business  forms,  contracts, 
business  English  and  Arithmetic. 

5.  Methods  of  Instruction. 

A.  Field  trips,  laboratory  exercises  and  demonstrations  will 
be  emphasized  as  special  methods  of  teaching  vocational  agri- 
culture. These  methods  will  be  applied  as  explained  in  Bulletin 
No.  2.  The  allied  scientific  work  and  much  of  the  other  non- 
vocational  work  will  be  closely  correlated  with  vocational  agri- 
culture. 

B.  Actual  farm  practice,  including  the  home  projects  ade- 
quately supervised,  will  be  required  of  all  students  each  year. 
The  home  project  shall  involve  the  complete  plant  or  animal 
cycle  which  in  no  case  will  be  less  than  six  months. 

C.  All  classes  in  vocational  agriculture,  mentioned  under  1 
above  will  be  held  for  not  less  than  90  minutes  each  on  any 
one  day. 

6.  Qualifications  of  Teachers. 

A.     All   teachers   in    departments    of   vocational    agriculture 


15 

will  be  graduates  of  an  approved  agricultural  college,  or  the 
equivalent,  and  will  have  had  a  course  of  professional  work 
equivalent  to  that  outlined  under  teacher-training.  Familiarity 
with  farm  conditions  and  operations,  and  ability  to  do  farm 
work  well,  v/ill  be  required  of  all  such  persons. 

Except:   Students   enrolled   in  an  agricultural  college  who 
have  attained  the  rank  of   Senior  in  pursuit  of  the  course 
leading  to  their  full  qualification  as  above  outlined  will  be 
'  permitted  to  teach  for  not  more  than  one  year. 

]  B.     All  teachers   in  part-time   schools  must  be  qualified   to 

teach  in  departments  of  vocational  agriculture  as  stated  above 
or  have   successfully  managed   a   farm   for   at  least   two   con- 
secutive years  and  have  had  experience  in  agricultural  teaching 
or  extension  work. 
7,     Qualifications  of  Supervisors. 

A.  All  persons  employed  to  supervise  the  work  of  teachers 
of  vocational  agriculture  will  have  the  qualifications  required 
of  such  teachers  and  in  addition  will  have  had  at  least  three 
years'  successful  experience  in  teaching  or  supervising  voca- 
tional agriculture. 
IV. — Trade  Home  Economics  and  Industrial  Education. 

1.  Tentative  budget  of  the  Federal  funds  available,  for  trade  and 

industrial  education. 

A.  For  evening  schools   or  classes : $ 

B.  For  part-time  schools  or  classes $ 

C-     For  unit-trade  schools  or  classes $ 

D.  For    general    industrial    schools    or   classes    in 
cities  or  towns  of  less  than  25,000 $ 

E.  For   home    economics $ 

2.  Trade  and  industrial  education. 

A.  During  the  fi.scal  year  ending  June  30,  1922,  the  State 
Board  proposes  to  aid  from  Federal  funds  the  following  types 

,of  schools  and  classes: 

a.  Evening  trade  extension  schools  or  classes. 

b.  Part-time  schools  or  classes, 

(1)  Trade  extension  part-time  schools  or  classes. 

(2)  Trade  preparatory  part-time  schools  or  classes. 

(3)  General  continuation  part-time  schools  or  classes. 

c.  Unit-trade  or  full-time  day  trade  schools  or  classes,  in 
the  event  that  cities  of  more  than  25,000  wish  to  establish  such 
work. 

d.  General  industrial  schools  or  classes  in  the  event  that 
cities  of  less  than  25,000  wish  to  establish  such  work. 

B.  Evening  Industrial  Schools  or  Classes. 

a.  Purpose:  The  controlling  purpose  of  such  classes  shall 
be  to  provide  instruction  supplemental  to  the  daily  employment 
for  persons  engaged  in  trades  or  industrial  occupations  in- 
cluding mining- 

b.  Age  of   pupils:     Only   persons   sixteen   years   of   age  or 


16 

over  shall  be  admitted  to  evening  trade  extension  classes. 

c.  Plant  and  equipment:  The  plant  and  equipment  must  in 
all  cases  be  suitable  and  adequate  for  the  kind  of  instruction 
to  be  given. 

d.  Maintenance:  Adequate  provision  shall  be  made  for 
maintenance  from  state  or  local  funds.  Supplies,  heat,  light, 
janitor  service,  etc.,  must  be  paid  for  from  state  or  local  funds 
as  Federal  funds  may  be  used  only  for  the  salaries  of  teachers. 

e.  Course  of  study:  The  courses  of  study  shall  in  all  cases 
be  suited  to  the  particular  needs  of  the  class. 

(1)  Sample  list  of  subjects  for  evening  classes  in  coal  mining: 

Mine    gases.  Safety  camps. 

Mine  ventilation.  Timbering. 

Explosives.  Haulage. 
Drainage  and  Pumping. 

(2)  Sample  list  of  topics  for  evening  class  in  pottery  work   ar- 

ranged for  ten  evenings,  two  hours  per  evening: 
Casting  Throwing. 

Jiggering.  Turning. 

Pressing.  Glazing. 

Kiln-firing. 

f.  Character  of  work:  In  all  cases  the  instruction  shall  be 
supplementary  to  the  daily  employment  of  the  members  of  the 
class.  The  instruction  offered  may  be  from  any  one  of  the  fol- 
lowing general  classes  or  any  combination  of  the  three  general 
kinds. 

(1)  Shop  instruction  in  trade  processes. 

(2)  Classroom  instruction  in  the  technical  content  of  the 

trade,  including  such  material  as  is  general  termed 
auxiliary  information. 
(2)  Instruction  in  shop,  classroom  or  laboratory  in  such 
related    subjects    as    general    trade    drawing,    trade 
mathematics  and  trade  science.  ' 

g.  Methods  of  Instruction:  Individual  instruction  shall  be 
practiced  so  far  as  possible.  The  demonstration  method  shall 
be  used  in  preference  to  the  lecture,  and  group  instruction  shall 
be  used  in  preference  to  class  recitations. 

h.     Minimum  Qualifications  of  teachers: 

(1)  Shop  teachers. 

(a)  A  thorough  knowledge  of  the  trade  based  upon 

not   less   than  two   years'   experience   beyond 
the  period  of  apprenticeship. 

(b)  A   common   school   education — graduation   from 

an  elementary  school. 

(c)  Such  personal  characteristics  as  are  approved 

by    the    State    Board    of    Education    and    its 
agents. 

(d)  Special  preparation  for  teaching. 

(2)  Related  subjects  teachers. 


17 

(a)  A  high  school  education  plus  two  years  of  col- 

lege work  or  the  equivalent. 

(b)  Industrial  experience — not  less  than  one  year's 

experience  in  a  trade  or  industrial  occupation. 

(c)  Such  personal  characteristics  as  are  approved 

by    the    State    Board    of    Education    and    its 
agents. 

(d)  Special  preparation  for  teaching. 

Note: — During  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1922,  it  is  not  ex- 
pected that  all  evening  school  teachers  will  have  made  special  prepa- 
ration for  teaching.  All  such  teachers  will  be  required  to  enroll  in 
extension  teacher-training  courses  under  the  Professor  of  Vocational 
Education  at  the  State  University  who  will  have  charge  of  teacher- 
training  for  trades  and  industries.  A  detailed  plan  for  such  extension 
and  correspondence  courses  will  be  worked  out  later. 

C.     Part-time  schools  or  classes. 

a.  Trade  extension  part-time  schools  and  classes. 

(1)  Contrclling  purpose  (same  as  for  evening  schools). 

(2)  Age  of  Pupils  (same  as  for  evening  schools). 

(3)  Plant  and  Equipment  (same  as  for  evening  schools). 

(4)  Maintenance  (same  as  for  evening  schools). 

(5)  Course  of  Study: 

X  Sample  Course — Mining   (Short  course): 

W.  Va.  Mine  Law.  Explosives. 

Methods  of  Working.  Timbering 

Mine  Gases.  Electricity  in  Mines. 

Hoisting.  Mine  Drainage  and 

Mine  Ventilation.  Pumping. 

Mine  Fires  and  Explosives  Haulage. 

Mine  Rescue  Training.  First  Aid. 

Elementary  Mechanical    •  Safety  Camps. 

Drawing  Mine  Management. 

Mining  Arithmetic. 

(6)  Methods  of  Instruction  (same  as  for  evening  schools) 

(7)  Length  of  Term.  All  part-time  work  shall  be  or- 
ganized on  a  basis  of  not  less  than  144  hours  of  instruction 
per  year.  This  amount  of  time  may  be  secured  by  many 
different  arrangements  as  follows: 

4  hours  per  week  for  36  weeks 

8  hours  per  week  for  18  weeks 

12  hours  per  week  for  12  weeks 

36  hours  per  week  for    6  weeks 

(8)  Qualification    of    Teachers     (same    as    for    evening 
'    •                 schools). 

b.  Trade  Preparatory  Part-time  Schools  or  classes. 

(1)  Controlling  Purpose.  The  controlling  purpose  of 
trade  praparatory  part-time  schools  or  classes  shall  be  to 


18 

provide  instruction  suited  to  the  specific  vocational  needs 
of  pupils  employed  in  miscellaneous  occupations  for  the 
purpose  of  fitting  such  pupils  for  advantageous  entrance 
into  skilled  trades  or  other  desirable  industrial  occupations. 

(2)  Age  of   Pupils.     Persons  fourteen  years   of  age  or 
over  may  be  admitted  to  part-time  preparatory  classes. 
(3)   Plant  and  Equipment.     (Same  as  for  evening  schools.) 

(4)  Maintenance.     (Same  as  for  evening  schools.) 
(5)     Course  cf  Study.     The  state  has  no  classes  of  this 
type,  consequently  no  course  of  study  can  be  given. 

(6)  Methods  of  Instruction.  (Same  as  for  evening 
schools.) 

(7)  Length  of  term.  (Same  as  for  Trade  Extension 
part-time.) 

(8)  Qualification  of  teachers.  (Same  as  for  evening 
schools.) 

c.     General  Continuation  part-time  schools  or  classes. 

(1)  Controlling  Purpose.  The  controlling  purpose  of 
general  continuation  schools  or  classes  shall  be  to  provide 
additional  educational  opportunities  for  children  fourteen 
years  of  age  or  over  who  have  left  school  and  have  entered 
upon  employment.  Pre-vocational  or  "finding"  courses, 
training  for  better  citizenship  and  courses  w^hose  objective 
is  concerned  with  more  general  education  may  be  offered 
in  this  type  of  school  or  class. 

(2)  Age  of  Pupils.  Persons  fourteen  years  of  age  or 
over  may  be  admitted  to  part-time  general  continuation 
schools  or  classs.  In  general,  this  type  of  school  should 
concern  itself  with  pupils  from  14  to  18  years  of  age  who 
have  left  the  regular  schools  before  completing  a  high 
school  course. 

(3)  Plant  and  Equipment.  (Same  as  for  evening  schools) 

(4)  Maintenance.     (Same  as  for  evening  schools.) 

(5)  Course  of  Study.  The  State  Board  is  not  prepared 
at  this  time  to  submit  type  courses  of  study  as  no  schools 
or  classes  of  this  type  have  yet  been  organized  in  the  state. 

(6)  Methods  of  Instruction.  (Same  as  for  evening 
schools.) 

(7)  Length  of  Term.  Part-time  general  continuation 
schools  will  be  organized  on  the  basis  of  144  hours  of 
instruction  per  year.  This  amount  of  time  will  ordinarily 
be  secured  by  holding  classes  four  hours  per  week  for  a 
period  of  36  weeks. 

(8)  Qualification  of  teachers.  Teachers  for  general  con- 
tinuation schools  shall  have  the  equivalent  of  the  general 
qualifications  required  for  teachers  in  the  junior  high 
schools  of  the  state  and  in  addition  the  following  special 
qualifications: 

(a)  Adequate  understanding  and  appreciation  of  work- 


19 

ing  conditions  in  industry.  This  may  have  been  secured 
through  actual  employment  during  summer  vacations 
or  otherwise. 

(b)   Special  training  in  vocational  education. 

Note: — The  department  of  vocational  education  at  the  State  Uni- 
versity will,  during  the  current  year,  organize  definite  courses  for 
part-time  teachers  and  administratives. 

D.     Unit  trade  schools. 

a.  Ccntrolling  purpose.  The  controlling  purpose  shall  be  to 
prepare  pupils  for  profitable  entrance  into  one  or  more  of  the 
skilled  trades. 

b.  Age  of  Pupils.  In  general,  the  enrollment  shall  be 
limited  to  pupils  who  have  completed  the  elementary  school 
course.  Under  special  circumstances  pupils  who  have  not  com- 
pleted the  elementary  school  course  may  be  admitted,  provided 
that  such  pupils  are  14  years  of  age  or  over.  Federal  funds 
cannot  be  used  for  training  sub-normal  or  defective  children 
and  the  State  Board  will  refuse  to  subsidize  any  unit  trade 
school  that  fails  to  limit  its  enrollment  to  normal,  healthy 
pupils  over  fourteen  years  of  age  who  are  definitely  preparing 
themselves  for  profitable  employment  in  skilled  mechanical 
trades. 

c.  Minimum  Plant  and  Equipment.  The  plant  and  equip- 
ment must  in  all  respects  be  adequate  for  the  type  of  training 
contemplated.  Commercially  practical  machinery  and  tools  must 
be  available  so  that  actual  work  may  be  done  under  conditions 
similar  to  those  prevailing  in  commercial  shops. 

d.  Minimum  for  Maintenance.  Adequate  provision  must  be 
made  for  maintenance  from  local  funds.  Experience  in  other 
states  shows  that  the  cost  of  this  type  of  school  will  average 
from  $150  to  $300  per  pupil  per  year.  State  and  Federal  funds 
may  be  used  only  for  the  reimbursement  for  teachers'  salaries. 
All  expenses  for  buildings,  power,  heat,  light,  janitor  service 
and  supplies  must  be  paid  from  local  funds. 

e.  Courses  of  Study.  No  schools  of  this  type  have  thus  far 
been  organized  in  the  state.  In  the  event  that  any  are  or- 
ganized during  the  current  year,  the  following  apportionment 
of  time  will  be  used  as  a  basis  in  outlining  the  courses  of  study: 

Shop  work  15  clock  hours  per  week 

Trade    Mathematics  3  clock  hours  per  week 

Trade   Drawing   3  clock  hours  per  week 

Trade    Science    3  clock  hours  per  week 

Non-vocational    6  clock  hours  per  week 

(English 

(Civics 

(Indus.  History 

Total 30  clock  hours  per  week 


20 


f.  Methods  of  Instruction.  In  general  the  same  as  stated 
for  evening  schools. 

g.  Amount  of  time  for  Practical  Work.  Fifteen  hours  per 
week  is  the  minimum  time  that  may  be  devoted  to  instruction 
and  practice  on  actual  productive  work  on  a  useful  basis. 

h.  Length  of  School  Year.  The  minimum  length  of  school 
year  shall  be  nine  months  (3..  weeks). 

i.  Hours  of  Instruction  per  week.  The  school  shall  be  in 
session  not  less  than  thirty  (30)  hours  per  week. 

j.     Qualification  of   Teachers. 

(1)  For   shop   teachers.      (Same   as   for   evening   school 
shop  teachers.) 

(2)  For  Related  Subjects  Teachers.     (Same  as  for  eve- 
ning school  related  subjects  teachers.) 

(3)  For  Non-vocational  teachers.     (Same  as  for  teach- 
ers of  general  continuation  schools  or  classes.) 

E.     General  Industrial  Schools  for  cities  under  25,000. 

a.  Controlling  Purpose.     Same  as  for  unit  trade  schools. 

b.  Age  of  admission.     Same  as  for  unit  trade  schools. 

c.  Plant  and  Equipment.     Same  as  for  unit  trade  schools. 

d.  Maintenance.     Same  as  for  unit  trade  schools. 

e.  Courses  of  Study.  The  statement  under  this  heading  for 
unit  trade  schools  applies  in  general  to  the  general  industrial 
school  with  the  following  modifications: 

The  school  may  be  organized  on  the  basis  of  a  25-hour 
week  as  a  minimum  instead  of  a  30-hour  week  with  12 1^ 
hours  devoted  to  shop  work.  The  relative  allotment  of  time 
for  related  subjects  shall  be  observed. 

f.  Methods  of  Instruction.     Same  as  for  evening  schools. 

g.  Amount  of  time  for  Practical  Work.  Twelve  and  one- 
half  hours  per  week  is  the  minimum  time  that  may  be  devoted 
to  instruction  and  practice  on  actual  production  work  on  a 
useful  basis. 

h.  Length  of  School  Year.  The  school  year  shall  in  general 
not  be  less  than  the  length  of  the  regular  school  year  in  the 
community  where  a  school  of  this  type  is  organized.  Under 
special  conditions,  a  general  industrial  school  may  be  approved 
if  the  school  year  for  such  a  school  is  eight  or  even  seven 
months  in  length,  but  in  all  such  special  cases  the  local  com- 
munity must  satisfy  the  State  Board  that  a  term  of  less  than 
nine  months  is  advisable  under  local  conditions. 

i.  Hours  of  Instruction  per  week.  Twenty-five  hours  of  in- 
struction per  week  is  the  minimum  for  general  industrial 
schools. 

j.     Qualification  of  Teachers. 

(1)   Shop  teachers.     Same  as  for  evening  schools  with 
the  following  exceptions: 

Shop  teachers  may  be  permitted  to  teach  two  related 


21 

trades,  if  qualified;  as,  for  example,  carpentry  and 
cement  work;  carpentry  and  house  painting;  carpentry 
and  cabinet  making;  machine  shop  and  foundry  or  pat- 
tern making;  sheet  metal  work  and  plumbing,  etc.  Also 
if  qualified  a  shop  teacher  may  teach  related  subjects. 

(2)  Related    subjects    teachers.      Same    as    for    evening 
schools. 

(3)  Non-vocational  teachers.     Same  as  for  general  con- 
tinuation schools. 

V. — Home  Economics. 

A.  Supervision. 

1.  A  member  of  the  faculty  of  the  College  of  Agriculture, 
State  University,  Morgantown,  West  Virginia,  has  been  loaned 
on  part  time  to  supervise  Home  Economics  Education  in  the 
State  of  West  Virginia  for  the  year  1921-22. 

2.  Beginning  with  1921-22  there  will  be  an  assistant  super- 
visor, who  will  be  employed  by  the  State  Board  to  give  such 
part  of  her  time  to  supervision  as  needed,  but  in  no  case  shall 
it  be  less  than  50  per  cent  of  full  time. 

3.  In  the  work  of  supervision  the  supervisor  and  her  as- 
sistant will  act  as  agents  of  the  State  Board  of  Vocational 
Education. 

b.  Qualifications  of  Supervisors. 

1.  Practical  experience  in  home  keeping  of  several  years 
duration. 

2.  Masters'  degree  and  more  graduate  work  if  possible. 

3.  Three  to  five  years  teaching  experience. 

4.  The  assistant  should  have  a  master's  degree,  two  or  three 
years'  teaching  experience  and  some  practical  experience  in 
home  keeping. 

c.  Duties  of  supervisors. 

1.  To  confer  and  correspond  with  teachers,  school  officials 
and  Boards  of  Education  in  regard  to  establishing  schools  and 
classes. 

2.  Assist  in  establishing  schools  and  classes. 

3.  Study  the  conditions  in  the  State  with  a  view  to  recom- 
mending the  establishment  of  schools  and  classes. 

4.  Address  committees,  clubs  and  conventions  of  teachers. 

5.  Write  articles  for  magazines,  journals  and  newspapers. 

6.  Prepare  bulletins  and  course  of  study. 

7.  Plan  in  cooperation  with  Teacher  Training  Institution 
conferences,  itinerant  teacher  training,  and  other  means  for 
improving  teachers,  in  service. 

8.  To  promote  the  establishment  of  Home  Economics  schools 
and  classes. 

9.  To  inspect  schools  and  classes. 

10.  Prepare  reports  for  the  State  Board. 

B.  Kinds  of  Schools  and  Classes. 


22 

a.  Evening  home  economics  schools  and  classes. 

b.  Part-time  home  economics  schools  and  classes. 

c.  Day  schools  or  classes. 

C.  Evening  Home  Economics   Schools  or  Classes. 

a.  Minimum  age  requirement,  16  years. 

b.  Minimum  plant  school  kitchen  and  sewing  room  fully 
equipped. 

c.  Minimum  maintenance,  local  board  must  agree  to  furnish 
adequate  supplies  sufficient  to  maintain  right  standards,  pro- 
mote the  work  and  to  secure  properly  qualified  teachers  in  full 
sympathy  with  the  plan  and  purpose  of  evening  instruction. 

d.  Character  and  content  of  course  of  study.  Short  unit 
courses. 

e.  Character  of  school  work.  This  will  be  supplementary 
to  the  home-making  work  of  the  students. 

f.  Methods  of  Instruction.  This  will  be  adapted  to  the  age, 
experience  and  needs  of  the  members  of  the  classes. 

g.  Qualifications  of  teachers. 

1.  Practical  experience.  At  least  two  years'  experience  in 
home  making  with  a  reasonable  amount  of  time  in  actual 
management  of  a  household  or  trade  experience  in  the  short 
unit  work  to  be  given,  or  both. 

2.  Home  economics  training,  if  possible.  From  two  to  four 
years  of  technical  training  in  a  professional  school.  A  large 
amount  of  practical  experience  in  home  making  or  in  the  trade 
as  embodied  in  the  short  unit  course  to  be  taught,  may  be  ac- 
cepted in  lieu  of  some  of  the  technical  requirements. 

3.  Professional  training  sufficient  to  properly  develop  the 
work  with  the  groups  of  students  to  be  instructed.  (The  Board 
may  find  it  necessary  to  modify  these  requirements  if  local 
conditions  demand.) 

D.  Part-time  Home  Economics   Departm.ents,  schools  and  classes, 

if  organized  for  the  year  1921-22  will  meet  the  following 
requirements : 

a.  Minimum  age,  14  years. 

b.  Required  or  minimum  plant  and  equipment  will  approxi- 
mate that  of  the  day  school  or  evening  school  according  to  the 
groups  to  be  instructed. 

c.  Minimum  for  maintenance  sufficient  to  maintain  proper 
standards  and  employ  qualified  teachers  in  full  sympathy  with 
part-time  instruction. 

d.  Character  and  content  of  course  of  study.  The  course  of 
study  will  be  of  two  types. 

1.  Trade  extension  classes  in  which  50  per  cent  or  more,  but 
not  all  the  time,  is  given  to  Home  Economics  subjects  and  the 
remainder  to  such  other  subjects  as  will  promote  civic  and 
vocational  intelligence  of  the  pupils. 

2.  Part-time  extension  classes  in  which  all  the  time  is  given 
to  Home  Economics  subject.     Here  the  work  will  be  set  up  in 


23 


short-unit  courses  arranged  in  sequence.  (Type  courses  of 
study  will  be  submitted  if  part-time  classes  are  offered  in 
1921-22.) 

e.  Methods  of  instruction  adapted  to  age,  experience  and 
needs  of  students. 

f.  Length  of  term.  The  term  shall  consist  of  not  less  than 
144  hours  of  work.  This  may  be  given  4  hours  a  week  for  36 
weeks. 

g.  Qualifications  of  teachers.  These  shall  approximate  the 
qualifications  fixed  for  all  day  or  for  evening  school  teachers 
according  to  the  groups  of  students  in  the  classes. 

E.  Day  Schools  and  Classes. 

a.  Minimum  age  of  admission,  14  years. 

b.  Required  or  minimum  plant  and  equipment. 

1.  School  kitchen  for  work  in  foods,  cookery  and  laundry. 

2.  A  school  sev/ing  room  for  work  in  clothing  and  sewing. 

3.  A  room  in  which  to  teach  table  service.  If  a  separate 
room  cannot  be  provided  for  this,  part  of  the  kitchen  or  sewing 
rooms  may  be  utilized  for  this  purpose. 

4.  A  bedroom.    Here  home  nursing  can  be  taught. 

c.  Minimum  for  maintenance.  Sufficient  to  keep  up  proper 
standards  and  employ  well  qualified  teachers. 

d.  Character  and  content  of  the  course  of  study.  The  course 
of  study  may  be: 

1.  One  of  which  half  of  the  school  day  is  given  entirely  to 
Home  Economics  subjects,  or 

2.  One  of  which  half  of  each  school  day  is  given  to  Home 
Economics  subjects  and  related  subjects. 

F.  Cjourse  of  Study. 

a.  Type  I.  The  following  is  a  course  of  study  for  the  year 
1921-22  in  West  Virginia,  for  a  five-hour  school  day.  The  six- 
hour  school  day  would  require  one  hundred  and  eighty  minutes 
instead  of  one  hundred  and  fifty  minutes  for  the  vocational 
subject. 


FIRST 

YEAR 

First  Semester 

Subject 

Period 

Length 

per 

of 

week 

periods 

L. — Vocational. 

a.     Home  Economics. 

Garment  making  and 

study  of  textiles. 

b.     Related  subject 

Drawing    and    design 

applied  to  the  dress 

5 

150  min 

[I. — Non- Vocational. 

English   

5 

45  min 

Credit 


24 


Elective  (such  sub- 
jects as  will  fur- 
nish knowledge  of 
civic  and  social 
conditions  essential 
to  an  understanding 
of  the  community 
obligations  of  the 
home  -  maker  and 
family)    5 

Second  Semester. 
I. — Vocational. 

a.  Home  Economics 

Food  study,  cookery 
and  home  manage- 
ment. 

b.  Related  subject 

Health  and  the  home         5 
II. — N  on- Vocational. 

English  5 

Elective  (such  sub- 
jects as  will  fur- 
nish knowledge  of 
civic  and  social 
conditions  essential 
to  an  understanding 
of  the  community 
obligations  of  the 
home  -  maker  and 
family)   5 


45  min.       V2  unit 


150  min. 


1  unit 


45  min.       V2  unit 


45  min.       V2  unit 


SECOND  YEAR 
First  and  Second  Semester 

This  is  the  same  as  Second  Year  in  Type  II. 
b.     Type  II.     The  following  is  a  course  of  study  for  the  year 
1921-22  in  West  Virginia,  for  a  five-hour  school  day.     The  six- 
hour  school  day  would  require  one  hundred  and  twenty  minutes 
instead  of  ninety  minutes  for  the  vocational  subject. 


FIRST  YEAR 

First  Semester 

Subject                                  Period 

Length 

per 

of 

week 

periods 

•Vocational. 

.     Home  Economics 

Garment  making  and 

study  of   textiles.—         5 

90  min 

Credit 


V2  unit 


25 


b.     Related  subject* 

Drawing    and    design 

dress    

II. — N  on- Vocational. 

English  

Elective  (such  sub- 
jects as  will  fur- 
nish knowledge  of 
civic  and  social 
conditions  essential 
to  an  understanding 
of  the  community 
obligations  of  the 
home  -  maker  and 
family)    


5  60  min.       V2  unit 

5  45  min.       V2  unit 


45  min.       V2  unit 


Second  Semester 
I. — Vocational. 

a.  Home  Economics 

Food  study,  cookery 
and  home  manage- 
ment. 

b.  Related  subject* 

Health  and  the  home        5 

II. — N  on- Vocational. 

English  5 

Elective  (such  sub- 
jects as  will  fur- 
nish knowledge  of 
civic  and  social 
conditions  essential 
to  an  understanding 
of  the  community 
obligations  of  the 
home  -  maker  and 
family)   5 

SECOND  YEAR 
First  Semester 
I. — Vocational. 

a.  Home  Economics 

Food  study,  cookery 
and  home  manage- 
ment             5 

b.  Related  subject* 

Chemistry  &  physics 
related  to  the 
household   5 


60  min.       V2  unit 


45  min.       V2  unit 


45  min.       V2  unit 


90  min.       V2  unit 


60  min.       V2  unit 


26 


II. — Non-Vocational. 

English  

Elective  (such  sub- 
jects as  will  fur- 
nish knowledge  of 
conditions  essential 
to  an  understanding 
of  the  community 
obligations  of  the 
home  -  maker  and 
family)    


45  ;nin.       V2  unit 


45  min.       V2  unit 


90  min.       V2  unit 


60  min.       V2  unit 


45  min.       V2  unit 


SECOND  YEAR 
Second  Semester 
I. — Vocational. 

a.  Home  Economics 

Garment  making  and 
of  textiles   5 

b.  Related  subject* 

Drawing    and    design 
applied  to  the  home         5 
II. — Non- Vocational. 

English  5 

Elective  (such  sub- 
jects as  will  fur- 
nish knowledge  of 
civic  and  social 
conditions  essential 
to  an  understanding 
of  the  community 
obligations  of  the 
home  -  maker    and 

family)    5 

*The  related  subject  may  be  given  as  three  45-minute  periods 
and  two  90-minute  periods  if  this  is  more  satisfactory  to  the 
school  curriculum.  Home  Agriculture  may  be  substituted  for 
Chemistry  to  meet  needs  of  students. 

c.  Methods  of  Instruction.  There  will  be  actual  manipula- 
tioi)  of  material  studied  under  as  near  home  conditions  as  pos- 
sible, including  talks,  demonstrations,  class  discussion  and  class 
room  practice,  with  definite  applications  planned  for  home 
work,  for  the  development  of  skill,  self-dependence  and 
initiative. 

d.  Amount  of  time  given  to  practical  work  on  a  useful  or 
productive  basis.  One-half  of  each  day  must  be  devoted  to 
practical  work  on  a  useful  or  productive  basis.  This  practical 
work    may    be    interpreted    as    home    economics    or    as    home 

economics  and  related  subjects. 

e.  Length  of  the  school  year. 


45  min.       V2  unit 


27 

1.  In  cities  and  towns  of  25,000  population  or  more,  the 
school  year  must  be  nine  months  in  length. 

2.  In  cities  or  towns  of  less  than  25,000  population,  the 
school  year  may  be  less  than  nine  months  in  length. 

f.  Hours  of  instruction  per  week. 

1.  In  cities  and  towns  of  25,C00  population  or  more,  school 
work   must   be   30   hours   per  week. 

2.  In  cities  and  towns  of  less  than  25,000  population,  the 
school  week  may  not  be  less  than  25  hours. 

g.  Qualifications  of  teachers. 

1.  Practical  experience  of  at  least  two  years  in  home-mak- 
ing with  a  reasonable  period  spent  in  actual  management  of  the 
household. 

2.  Home  economics  training.  Graduation  from  a  four  years 
standard  college  course  in  Home  Economics  designed  to  train 
for  the  teaching  of  Home  Economics  subjects. 

3.  Professional  training  in  general  methods  and  in  theory 
and  practices  of  teaching  home  economics. 

VI. — Teacher-training. 

1.  Proposed  percentage  use  of  funds — 

A.  Agricultural  subjects  35% 

B.  Trade  and  industrial  subjects 40% 

C.  Home    Economic    subjects 25% 

2.  Agriculture. 

Two  definite  types  of  teacher-training  are  maintained. 

1.  For  the  improvement  of  teachers  already  in  service  and 

2.  For  training  prospective  teachers  now  enrolled  as 
students  in  the  College  of  Agriculture. 

A.  Kind  of  schools  and  classes. 

a.  All  teacher-training  work  will  be  conducted  by  the  De- 
partment of  Agricultural  Education  of  the  College  of  Agri- 
culture, West  Virginia  University,  at  Morgantown,  W.  Va., 
through : 

1.  A  regular  course  of  study  pursued  by  resident  students. 

2.  Special  courses  in  Summer  School.  Students  enrolled  in 
the  regular  teacher-training  course  may  thus  complete  a  part 
of  the  work  in  the  summer  session.  Teachers  on  vacation  or 
leave  of  absence  may  thus  procure  professional  improvement 
in  a  short  term. 

3.  Extension  courses  for  teachers  already  in  service. 
Courses  will  be  offered  in  both  subject  matter  and  professional 
studies  designed  especially  for  teachers  desiring  to  attain  the 
qualifications  set  up  by  the  State  Board  of  Education. 

B.  Length  of  Course. 

a.  The  regular  course  for  teacher-training  covers  four  years. 

b.  144  semester  hours  are  required  for  graduation. 

C.  Entrance  Requirements. 

Fifteen  units  from  a  duly  accredited  secondary  school  will  be 


28  ■      ] 

required  for  admission  to  the  teacher-training  course. 
D.     Courses  of  study. 

OUTLINE  OF  TEACHER-TRAINING  COURSE. 

The  following  one  hundred  and  eight  hours  of  the  required  one 
hundred  and  forty-four  semester  hours  necessary  for  graduation  are 
prescribed  for  students  who  elect  their  major  in  agricultural  educa- 
tion. The  remaining  36  hours  must  be  elected  from  such  courses  as 
may  be  prescribed  by  the  class  officer.  As  a  rule  the  courses  are 
distributed  as  follows: 

Agriculture    40  per  cent 

Sciences    30  per  cent 

Humanistic    20  per  cent 

Professional 10  per  cent 

(a)  Agriculture. 

Introduction  to   agriculture 1  hour 

Introduction  to  Animal  Husbandry 4  hours 

Farm   Dairying   3  hours 

Farm    Poultry    3  hours 

Soil  Fertility  4  hours 

Farm  Crops  4  hours 

Vegetable  Gardening  3  hours 

Pomology 3  hours 

Entomology    .'. 4  hours 

Farm  Management  3  hours 

Rural    Economics 3  hours 

Rural  Engineering  4  hours 

39  hours 

(b)  Science. 

Botany   (agricultural)   8  hours 

Bacteriology  3  hours 

Chemistry    (organic)    3  hours 

Chemistry  (inorganic)  8  hours 

Physics 8  hours 

Zoology    4  hours 

34  hours 

(c)  Humanistic. 

English    10  hours 

Economics  3  hours 

Sociology    3  hours 

American  Economic   History 3  hours 

Military   Science   4  hours 

23  hours 

(d)  Professional. 

Educational    Psychology   .'. 3  hours 


29 

Problems  of  Secondary  Education 2  hours 

Teaching  Vocational  Agriculture 

(organization   and   methods) 3  hours 

Observation  and  Practice  Teaching 2  hours 

Problems  of  Rural  Education 2  hours 


12  hours 


(e)  Provisions    for   observation    and    practice    teaching   by    a   co- 

operative arrangement  with  local  boards  of  education,  the 
vocational  agriculture  departments  in  these  high  schools  will 
be  used  for  observation  and  practice  teaching. 

(f)  Before  graduation  a  student  must  offer  satisfactory  evidence 

of  at  least  two  years  of  active  experience  on  the  farm  or,  in 
lieu  of  such  experience,  prove  through  tests  and  demonstra- 
tions that  he  is  familiar  with  all  ordinary  farm  operations. 

(g)  The  completion  of  the  four-year  course  outlined  herein  will 

satisfy  the  state  requirement  for  a  Special  Certificate  to 
teach  agriculture.  The  special  professional  work  offered  in 
the  University  Summer  School  and  in  the  extension  courses 
will  enable  graduates  of  the  College  of  Agriculture  to  com- 
plete the  required  special  work  and  to  secure  this  Special 
Certificate  without  examination. 

SUPERVISION 

The  Supervisors  of  Vocational  Agriculture  will  visit  from  time  to 
time  the  departments  in  the  schools  throughout  the  state.  The  pur- 
pose of  these  visits  may  be  stated  briefly  as  follows: 

To  acquaint  the  school  officials  and  the  teacher  of  agriculture  with 
the  purpose  of  the  vocational  education  act  and  with  the  West  Vir- 
ginia Plan  for  vocational  agriculture  education. 

To  inspect  the  school  plant,  especially  with  reference  to  equipment 
and  general  facilities  for  the  maintenance  of  a  vocational  course. 

To  assist  the  teacher  in  organizing  the  vocational  course  and  its 
adaptation  to  local  conditions. 

To  observe  methods  of  instruction,  offer  helpful  suggestions,  and 
keep  in  close  touch  with  the  work  of  each  department  and  class. 

To  instruct  the  teacher  in  methods  of  conducting  practical  work 
and  keeping  project  records. 

3.     Trades  and  Industries. 

A.  Kinds  of  schools  and  classes.  Teacher  training  for  trades 
and  industries  will  be  under  the  general  direction  of  a  Professor 
of  Vocational  Education  at  the  State  University,  Morgantown. 

B.  Work  to  be  done  by  Institutions  for  the  training  of — 

a.  Shop  teachers — No  residence  course  contemplated  for  the 
current  year. 


30 

b.  Related  Subjects  Teachers — No  residence  courses  contem- 
plated for  the  current  year. 

c.  General  Continuation  School  Teachers — No  residence  courses 
contemplated  for  the  current  year. 

Note: — If  a  group  of  students  interested  in  the  teaching  of  trades 
can  be  organized  at  the  State  University,  they  will  be  given  a  foun- 
dation course  in  vocational  education  and  in  trades  or  related  subjects. 

d.  Training  of  teachers  in  service. 

(1)  The  training  of  teachers  in  service  will  be  carried  on 
through  a  combination  of  extension  courses  and  correspondence 
courses.  Groups  will  be  organized  at  points  where  there  are  four 
or  more  teachers  employed  in  trade  or  industrial  schools,  or  by 
extended  and  regular  visits  to  individual  teachers  for  conference 
and  for  examination  on  work  being  done  by  correspondence  study. 
4.     Home  Economics. 

A.  West  Virginia  University,  College  of  Agriculture,  Depart- 
ment of  Home  Economics,  Morgantown. 

Two  definite  types  of  teacher-training  work  are  carried  on  by 
the  Department  of  Home  Economics  of  the  College  of  Agriculture 
for  training  teachers  of  Vocational  Home  Economics. 

a.  Training  students  for  teachers  of  Vocational  Education  in 
Home  Economics,  who  are  enrolled  in  the  College  of  Agriculture. 

b.  Training  of  Home  Economics  teachers  in  service  in  co-oper- 
ation with  State  Supervisor  of  Home  Economics. 

B.  Entrance  requirements,  15  units  from  an  accredited  sec- 
ondary school. 

C.  Length  of  course. 

a.  Four  years. 

b.  128  semester  hours. 

D.  Course  of  Study. 

a.     By  percentage  and  in  detail  below. 

E.  Observation  and  Practice  Teaching. 

a.  Provisions — Morgantown  public  schools  and  such  other 
schools  as  afford  opportunity  for  observation  and  directed  teaching 
under  supervision. 

b.  At  least  twenty  lessons  in  cooperation  with  Department  of 
Education  of  the  Arts  College. 

F.  Graduation  requirements. 

a.  Completion  of  course  of  study. 

b.  At  least  two  years'  vocational  experience,  either  required 
before  entrance  to  the  teacher-training  course  or  during  the  sum- 
mer months  of  the  year  in  which  the  teacher-training  course  is 
taken. 

c.  At  least  one  week  of  supervised  household  management  in 
practice  house  or  apartment. 

G.  Relation  to  certification.    Students  completing  the  required 


31 

course  will  receive  the  special  certificate  in  Vocational  Education 
in  Home  Economics. 

H.     Course  of  study  by  percentages. 

Home  Economics — 31  Per  Cent. 

Clothing    10  hours 

Textiles    3  hours 

House  and  Family 9  hours 

Foods   18  hours 

Total 40  hours 


Related  Subjects— 22  Per  Cent 

Chemistry  11  hours 

Botany  and  Bacteriology 11  hours 

Hygiene   and   Sanitation 2  hours 

Applied   design 4  hours 


Total 28  hours 


Professional  Subjects — 20  Per  Cent. 

Psychology  of  learning  and  teaching 6  hours 

Principles  and  art  of  teaching 5  hours 

Philosophy  and  History  of  Education 6  hours 

Special   methods   4  hours 

Elective   3  hours 

Total 24  hours 


General   Subjects — 16  Per  Cent. 

English    10  hours 

Sociology  5  hours 

Industrial  and  Social  History 6  hours 

Total 21  hours 


Elective  Subjects — 11  Per  Cent. 
Elective  14  hours 


32 


I. — Course  of  Study  in  Detail — College  of  Agriculture. 
Freshmen  Year. 


First  Semester. 

Subject —  Credit 

English   composition 3 

Elementary    foods 4  or    l 

History    3 

Elementary    sewing 2 

General    chemistry 4 


Second  Semester. 

Subject —  Credit 

English  composition 3 

Elementary    foods 3  or    ^ 

History    3 

Elementary  clothing 2 

General    chemistry 4 


15  or  16 
Sophomore  Year. 


15  or  16 


First  Semester. 

Botany  4 

English  literature 2 

Applied  design  4 

Psychology     of     teaching 

and   learning   3 


Second    Semester. 

Botany    4 

English    literature 2 

Home  furnishings 4 

Psychology    of    teach- 
ing and  learning 3 


Elective    3  to    4      Elective 


16  or  17 


17 


Junior  Year. 


First  Semester. 

Hygiene    and    sanitation....  2 
Elementary  organic 

chemistry    3 

Elementary    dietetics 2 

Home  cookery  3 

Textiles   3 

Philosophy  or  history  of 

education  3 


16 


Second  Semester. 

Constructive  Health  ....  2 

Bacteriology   3 

Dietetics    3 

Family    dietaries 2 

Selection  and  construc- 
tion of  clothing 3 

Elective    1 


14 


Senior  Year. 


First  Semester. 

Housewifery    2 

Selection  and  construction 

of  clothing  3 

Special  methods  of  teach- 
ing home  economics 2 

Principles  and  art  of 

teaching 3 

Sociology    3 

Elective  3 


Second  Semester. 

Home  management 2 

Special  methods  in 

home    economics 2 

Directed  teaching  in 

education  2 

Sociology  2 

Elective    7 

15 


16 


33 

COURSE  OF  STUDY  FOR  PREPARATION  IN  HOME  ECONOMICS 
FOR  THE  NEGRO  RACE  IN  WEST  VIRGINIA. 

A.  Kind  of  School 

The  State  Board  for  Vocational  Education  has  designated  Insti- 
tute at  Institute,  West  Virginia,  for  the  preparation  of  Home 
Economics  teachers  for  the  Negro  race. 

B.  Entrance  Requirements: 

Persons  entering  this  special  course  must  have  completed  four 
years  of  high  school  work. 

(Students  from  a  three-year  high  school  will  be  accepted  for 
the  year  1921-22.) 

C.  Length  of  Course: 

(a)  Teacher-training  course  shall  extend  over  two  years. 

(b)  It  shall  be  composed  of  at  least  thirty-two  unit  hours  or 
sixty-four  semester  hours. 

D.  The  Course  of  Study  Shall  Be  Divided  as  Follows: 
General  Education — 18  hours. 

English — 4  hours — 4  semesters — 16  hours. 
Music — 1  hour — 2  semesters — 2  hours. 
Science   (related) — 16  hours. 

General  Agriculture  (Poultry,  gardening,  dairying) — 3  hours — 

2  semesters — 6  hours. 
Hygiene,  sanitation  and  home  nursing, 

4  hours — 1  semester — 4  hours. 
Household  chemistry, 

2  hours — 2  semesters — 4  hours. 
Drawing  and  design  applied  to  the  household, 

2  hours — 1  semester — 2  hours. 
Home  Economics — 30  hours. 

Food  study  and  meal  planning, 

4  hours — 2  semesters — 8  hours- 
Clothing,  laundry,  care  and  repair  of  clothing,  textiles, 

4  hours — 2  semesters — 8  hours. 
Home  Management. 

Furnishing  and  care  of  home,  time  schedule  in  house  work, 
budget  planning,  care  of  children,  managerial  problems. 

3  hours — 2  semesters — 6  hours. 
Elective — 2-6  hours. 

Professional  Subjects — 10  hours. 

History  of  education,  psychology  and  child  study,  educational 
psychology. 

6  hours.  6  hours. 

Special  method, 

2  hours — 2  semesters — 4  hours. 
Total— 74  hours. 

Note: — If  it  is  not  desirable  or  possible  to  arrange  the  schedule  for 
the  74  hours  as  shown  in  the  proposed  schedule  deductions  may  be 
made  according  to  the  limits  set  for  the  percentage  division. 


34 

E.  Provision  for  Observation  and  Practice  Teaching,  Giving  Teacher- 

Training. 

(a)  Provisions  for  observation  and  practice  teaching  are  made 
in  the  secondary  school  of  Institute  and  neighboring  grade  schools. 

(b)  Amount  of  time  per  pupil  at  least  fifteen  lessons  of  double 
periods. 

F.  Graduation  Requirements: 

(a)  Completion  of  the  course  of  study,  including  one  month  of 
supervised  household  management  in  practice  house. 

(b)  At  least  two  years  of  home-making  experience  acquired 
prior  to  entrance  or  home-making  experience  acquired  during  the 
summer  months  of  the  years  in  which  the  course  is  taken- 

G.  Certification. 

Graduation  of  said  department  upon  recommendation  of  the 
State  Board  of  Vocational  Education  will  be  granted  a  special 
certificate  to  teach  home  economics. 

WEST  VIRGINIA   LAW  FOR  VOCATIONAL   EDUCATION. 

Sec.  131.  Acceptance  of  Federal  Act.  The  provisions  of  an  act  of 
Congress  entitled  "An  act  to  provide  for  the  promotion  of  vocational 
education  to  provide  for  co-operation  with  the  states  in  the  promotion 
of  such  education  in  agriculture  and  the  trades  and  industries;  to 
provide  for  co-operation  with  the  states  in  the  preparation  of  teachers 
of  vocational  subjects;  and  to  appropriate  money  and  regulate  its. 
expenditures,"  are  hereby  accepted  by  the  State  of  West  Virginia 
as  to: 

(a)  Appropriations  for  the  salaries  of  teachers,  supervisors  or  di- 
rectors of  agricultural  subjects. 

(b)  Appropriations  for  salaries  of  teachers  of  vocational  and  in- 
dustrial subjects. 

(c)  Appropriations  for  the  training  of  teachers  of  vocational 
subjects. 

Sec.  132.  Custodian  of  Funds.  The  state  treasurer  is  hereby 
designated  as  the  custodian  of  funds  to  be  paid  into  the  treasury  of 
this  staue  for  vocational  education  and  shall  receive  money  paid  to  the 
state  from  the  United  States  treasury  under  the  provisions  of  said  act 
of  Congress  and  shall  pay  the  same  upon  the  warrant  of  the  auditor 
of  state  when  the  same  is  certified  by  the  state  board  of  control. 

Sec.  133.  State  Beard.  The  state  board  of  education  is  hereby 
designated  as  the  state  board  to  carry  out  the  provisions  of  said  act 
so  far  as  the  same  relates  to  the  co-operation  of  the  states  and  the 
federal  government*  and  shall  have  full  power  to  do  all  things  neces- 
sary in  the  formulation  or  execution  of  plans  for  the  promotion  of 
education  in  agriculture,  in  trades  and  industries  and  to  formulate  and 
execute  plans  for  the  preparation  of  teachers  of  vocational  subjects- 

Section  133-a.  The  state  of  West  Virginia  does  hereby,  through  its 
legislative  authority,  accept  the  provisions  and  benefits  of  the  act  of 
Congress,  entitled,  "An  act  to  provide  for  the  promotion  of  vocational 


35 

rehabilitation  of  persons  disabled  in  industry  or  otherwise,  and  their 
return  to  civil  employment,"  approved  June  second,  one  thousand  nine 
hundred  and  twenty,  and  will  observe  and  comply  with  all  requirements 
of  such  act. 

Sec.  133-b.  The  state  treasurer  is  hereby  designated  and  appointed 
custodian  of  all  moneys  received  by  the  state  from  appropriations 
made  by  the  Congress  of  the  United  States  for  vocational  rehabilita- 
tion of  persons  disabled  in  industry  or  otherwise,  and  is  authorized  to 
receive  and  provide  for  the  proper  custody  of  the  same  and  to  make 
disbursements  therefrom  upon  the  order  of  the  state  board  of  educa- 
tion approved  by  the  state  board  of  control. 

Sec.  133-c.  The  state  board  of  education  is  hereby  designated  as  a 
state  board  for  the  purpose  of  co-operating  with  the  said  federal  board 
in  carrying  out  the  provisions  and  purposes  of  said  federal  act  provid- 
ing for  the  vocational  rehabilitation  of  persons  disabled  in  industry 
or  otherwise  and  is  empowered  and  directed  to  co-operate  with  said 
federal  board  in  the  administration  of  said  act  of  Congress;  to  pre- 
scribe and  provide  such  courses  of  vocational  training  as  may  be  neces- 
sary for  the  vocational  rehabilitation  of  persons  disabled  in  industry 
or  otherwise,  and  to  provide  for  the  supervision  of  such  training;  to 
appoint  such  assistants  as  may  be  necessary  to  administer  this  act 
and  said  act  of  Congress  in  this  state;  to  fix  the  compensation  of  such 
assistants  and  to  direct  the  disbursement  and  administer  the  use  of  all 
funds  provided  by  the  federal  government  or  this  state  for  vocational 
rehabilitation  of  such  persons. 

Sec.  133-d.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  state  board  of  education  and 
the  state  compensation  commissioner  to  formulate  a  plan  of  co-opera- 
tion in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  this  act  and  said  act  of 
Congress,  such  plan  to  become  effective  when  approved  by  the  gov- 
ernor of  the  state. 

Sec.  133-e.  The  state  board  of  education  is  hereby  authorized  and 
empowered  to  receive  such  gifts  and  donations,  either  from  public  or 
private  sources,  as  may  be  offered  unconditionally  or  under  such  con- 
ditions related  to  the  vocational  rehabilitation  of  persons  disabled  in 
industry  or  otherwise  as  in  the  judgment  of  the  state  board  are  proper 
and  consistent  with  the  provisions  of  this  act.  All  the  moneys  received 
as  gifts  or  donations  shall  be  deposited  in  the  state  treasury  and  shall 
constitute  a  permanent  fund  to  be  called  the  special  fund  for  the  voca- 
tional rehabilitation  of  disabled  persons,  to  be  used  by  the  said  board 
to  defray  the  expenses  of  vocational  rehabilitation  in  special  cases, 
including  the  payment  of  necessary  expenses  of  persons  undergoing 
training.  A  full  report  of  all  gifts  and  donations  offered  and  ac- 
cepted, together  with  the  names  of  the  donors  and  the  respective 
amounts  contributed  by  each  and  all  disbursements  therefrom  shall 
be  submitted  annually  to  the  governor  of  the  state  by  the  said  state 
board  of  education. 

Sec.  133-f.  There  shall  be  appropriated  a  sum  of  money  available 
for  each  fiscal  year  not  less  than  a  maximum  sum  which  may  be 
allotted  to  the  state  for  the  purposes  set  forth  in  said  federal  act- 


36 

THE  WEST  VIRGINIA  PART-TIME  COMPULSORY  LAW 
(Passed  1921.) 

Sec.  128.  Unemployed  Children  over  Fourteen  and  Under  Sixteen 
Shall  Attend  School.  Every  child  over  fourteen  and  under  sixteen 
years  of  age  who  is  not  engaged  in  some  regular  employment  or  busi- 
ness for  at  least  six  hours  per  day  or  who  has  not  received  written 
permission  from  the  superintendent  of  schools  of  the  city  or  county  in 
which  he  resides,  to  engage  in  profitable  employment  at  home,  shall 
attend  a  public  school  day  or  other  school  day  approved  by  the  board 
of  education  of  his  school  district  or  independent  school  district  during 
the  entire  time  the  public  schools  are  in  session,  subject  to  such  ex- 
emptions as  are  provided  for  in  section  one  hundred  twenty-five*  of 
this  act,  except  that  no  child  over  fourteen  and  under  sixteen  years 
of  age  shall  be  exempt  from  school  attendance  as  herein  required  for 
the  reason  that  he  has  completed  an  eight-years'  course  of  study  in 
the  elementary  and  grammar  schools  or  junior  high  schools  of  the 
state,  if  a  high  school  or  other  school  of  advanced  grades  is  provided 
within  two  miles  of  his  home. 

Sec.  129.  Each  minor  over  fourteen  years  of  age  and  under  sixteen 
years  of  age  who  is  not  in  regular  attendance  upon  a  public,  private 
or  parochial  school  or  who  is  regularly  and  lawfully  employed  in  some 
occupation  of  service,  unless  such  minor  has  completed  eight  years  of 
elementary  schooling,  shall  attend  a  part-time  school  or  class  in  the 
district  in  which  such  minor  resides  or  may  be  employed.  Such  at- 
tendance shall  be  for  not  less  than  four  hours  per  week  and  not  more 
than  eight  hours  per  week  for  each  week  which  such  school  or  class  is 
in  session  until  the  total  attendance  amounts  to  at  least  one  hundred 
and  forty-four  hours  for  the  school  year,  except  that  the  school 
authorities  may,  subject  to  the  approval  of  the  state  superintendent 
of  free  schools,  permit  any  such  minor  to  increase  the  number  of  hours 
per  week  of  required  attendance  and  decrease  the  number  of  weeks 
of  required  attendance.  The  attendance  upon  a  part-time  school  or 
class  shall  be  between  the  hours  of  eight  o'clock  forenoon  and  five 
o'clock  afternoon.  Provided,  however,  that  such  persons  shall  be 
exempt  from  the  foregoing  requirements  for  any  of  the  causes  enum- 
erated from  (a)  to  (i)  inclusive  in  section  one  hundred  and  twenty- 
two  of  chapter  two  of  the  acts  of  one  thousand  nine  hundred  and  nine- 
teen, regular  session. 

The  parent,  guardian  or  other  person  having  the  custody  or  control 
of  a  minor  who  is  required  under  the  provisions  of  this  section  to 
attend  a  part-time  school  or  class  shall  cause  such  minor  to  attend 
such  school  or  class.  A  parent,  guardian  or  other  person  who  refuses 
or  fails  to  comply  with  this  provision  of  the  law  shall  be  subject  to 
the  penalties  provided  in  section  one  hundred  and  twenty-two  of  this 
chapter. 

Any  person,  firm  or  corporation  employing  a  minor  between  the 
ages  of  fourteen  and  sixteen  years  shall  permit  the  attendance  of  such 
minor  upon  a  part-time  school  or  class  whenever  such  part-time  school 


37 

or  class  shall  have  been  established  in  the  district  where  the  minor 
resides  or  may  be  employed,  and  upon  the  termination  of  employment 
of  any  such  minor,  the  employer  shall  return  within  five  days  the 
employment  certificate  of  such  minor  by  mail  to  the  school  authorities 
and  a  person,  firm  or  corporation  employing  a  minor  over  fourteen 
years  of  age  and  less  than  sixteen  years  of  age  contrary  to  the  pro- 
visions of  this  section  shall  be  subject  to  the  penalties  provided  in 
section  one  hundred  and  twenty-six  of  this  chapter.  A  person,  firm 
or  corporati::n  which  has  in  its  employ  a  minor  who  fails  to  attend  a 
part-time  school  or  class  as  required  herein,  shall  immediately  discon- 
tinue the  services  of  such  minor  upon  receiving  from  the  school 
authorilies  v/iitlen  notice  of  the  failure  of  such  minor  to  attend  such 
part-time  school  or  class,  and  a  person,  firm  or  corporation  violating 
this  provision  of  law  shall  be  subject  to  a  fine  of  twenty-five  dollars 
for  each  offense. 

Boards  of  education  of  districts  and  independent  districts  are  hereby 
authorized  to  establish  and  maintain  part-time  and  evening  schools 
and  classes.  The  board  of  education  in  charge  of  the  schools  of  each 
city  having  a  population  of  more  than  ten  thousand  according  to  the 
United  States  census  of  one  thousand  nine  hundred  and  twenty  shall, 
commencing  with  the  school  year  beginning  the  first  day  of  July,  one 
thousand  nine  hundred  and  twenty-two,  establish  and  maintain  part- 
time  schools  or  classes.  The  board  of  education  in  charge  of  the 
school  of  any  city,  tov/n  or  sub-district  in  which  there  are  fifty  or  more 
minors  above  the  age  of  fourteen  years  and  under  the  age  of  sixteen 
years  who  are  not  in  regular  attendance  upon  approved  instruction 
shall,  commence  with  the  school  year  beginning  the  first  day  of  July, 
one  thousand  nine  hundred  and  twenty-three,  establish  and  maintain 
part-time  schools  or  classes.  Such  schools  or  classes  may  be  estab- 
lished in  public  school  buildings,  in  other  buildings  especially  adapted 
for  their  operation,  in  manufacturing  or  mercantile  establishments 
and  in  factories-  Such  schools  or  classes,  wherever  they  are  estab- 
lished and  maintained,  shall  be  under  the  control  and  management  of 
the  board  of  education  and  shall  be  a  part  of  the  public  school  system 
of  the  city  or  district  which  maintains  them. 

Such  part-time  schools  or  classes  shall  be  kept  in  session  on  the 
regular  school  days  and  for  as  many  hours  each  school  year  between 
the  hours  of  eight  o'clock  forenoon  and  five  o'clock  afternoon  as  shall 
be  necessary  to  provide  the  required  instruction  for  such  minors  who 
reside  in  the  city,  town  or  sub-district.  The  course  of  study  in  such 
part-time  schools  or  classes  shall  be  approved  by  the  state  board  of 
education. 

If  the  board  of  education  of  any  district  fails  to  comply  with  the 
requirements  of  this  section,  the  state  superintendent  of  free  schools 
may  at  his  discretion  withhold  all  or  a  part  of  any  state  school  funds 
due  such  (district  in  any  year.  The  failure  of  any  officer  to  enforce  the 
provisions  of  this  section  and  section  one  hundred  and  twenty-eight 
of  chapter  two  of  the  acts  of  one  thousand  nine  hundred  and  nineteen, 
regular  session,  shall  cause  such  officer  to  be  subject  to  the  penalties 


38 

prescribed  in  sections  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  and  one  hundred 
and  twenty-six  respectively,  of  said  chapter.  The  requirements  of  this 
section  and  the  preceding  section  shall  be  enforced  by  the  persons  and 
in  the  manner  prescribed  for  the  enforcement  of  the  requirements  of 
sections  one  hundred  and  twenty-three  to  one  hundred  and  twenty- 
seven  inclusive  of  chapter  two  of  the  acts  of  one  thousand  nine  hun- 
dred and  nineteen,  regular  session. 

All  acts  and  parts  of  acts  inconsistent  herewith  are  hereby  repealed. 

♦Refers  to  section  one  hundred  and  twenty-two. 

THE  SMITH-HUGHES  ACT. 

(Public,  No.  347,  Sixty-fourth  Congress.) 

(S.  703.) 

An  Act  to  provide  for  the  promotion  of  vocational  education;  to  pro- 
vide for  co-operation  with  the  States  in  the  promotion  of  such 
education  in  agriculaure  and  the  trades  and  industries;  to  provide 
for  co-operation  with  the  States  in  the  preparation  of  teachers  of 
vocational  subjects;  and  to  appropriate  money  and  regulate  its 
expenditure. 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the 
United  States  of  America  in  Congress  assembled,  That  there  is  hereby 
annually  appropriated,  out  of  any  money  in  the  Treasury  not  otherwise 
appropriated,  the  sums  provided  in  sections  two,  three,  and  four  of 
this  act,  to  be  paid  to  the  respective  States  for  the  purpose  of  co-oper- 
ating with  the  States  in  paying  the  salaries  of  teachers,  supervisors, 
and  directors  of  agricultural  subjects,  and  teachers  of  trade,  home 
economics,  and  industrial  subjects,  and  in  the  preparation  of  teachers 
of  agricultural,  trade,  industrial,  and  home  economics  subjects;  and 
the  sum  provided  for  in  section  seven  for  the  use  of  the  Federal 
Board  for  Vocational  Education  for  the  administration  of  this  act 
and  for  the  purpose  of  making  studies,  investigations,  and  reports  to 
aid  in  the  organization  and  conduct  of  vocational  education,  which 
sums  shall  be  expended  as  hereinafter  provided. 

Sec.  2.  That  for  the  purpose  of  co-operating  with  the  States  in 
paying  the  salaries  of  teachers,  supervisors,  or  directors  of  agricul- 
tural subjects  there  is  hereby  appropriated  for  the  use  of  the  States, 
subject  to  the  provisions  of  this  act,  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June 
thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  eighteen,  the  sum  of  $500,000;  for  the 
fiscal  year  ending  June  thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  nineteen,  the 
sum  of  $750,000;  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  thirtieth,  nineteen 
hundred  and  twenty,  the  sum  of  $1,000,000;  for  the  fiscal  year  ending 
June  thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  twenty-one,  the  sum  of  $1,250,000; 
for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  twenty- 
two,  the  sum  of  $1,500,000;  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June 'thirtieth, 
nineteen  hundred  and  twenty-three,  the  sum  of  $1,750,000;  for  the 
fiscal  year  ending  June  thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  twenty-four, 
the  sum  of  $2,000,000;  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  thirtieth,  nine- 


39 

teen  hundred  and  twenty-five,  the  sum  of  $2,500,000;  for  the  fiscal 
year  ending  June  thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  twenty-six,  and  an- 
nually thereafter,  the  sum  of  $3,000,000-  Said  sums  shall  be  allotted 
to  the  States  in  the  proportion  which  their  rural  population  bears  to 
the  total  rural  population  in  the  United  States,  not  including  outlying 
possessions,  according  to  the  last  preceding  United  States  census: 
Provided,  That  the  allotment  of  funds  to  any  State  shall  be  not  less 
than  a  minimum  of  $5,000  for  any  fiscal  year  prior  to  and  including 
the  fiscal  year  ending  June  thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  twenty- 
three,  nor  less  than  $10,000  for  any  fiscal  year  thereafter,  and  there 
is  hereby  appropriated  the  following  sums,  or  so  much  thereof  as  may 
be  necessary,  which  shall  be  used  for  the  purpose  of  providing  the 
minimum  allotment  to  the  States  provided  for  in  this  section:  For  the 
fiscal  year  ending  June  thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  eighteen,  the 
sum  of  $48,000;  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  thirtieth,  nineteen 
hundred  and  nineteen,  the  sum  of  $34,000;  for  the  fiscal  year  ending 
June  thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  twenty,  the  sum  of  $24,000;  for 
the  fiscal  year  ending  June  thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  twenty- 
one,  the  sum  of  $18,000;  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  thirtieth,  nine- 
teen hundred  and  twenty-two,  the  sum  of  $14,000;  for  the  fiscal  year 
ending  June  thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  twenty-three,  the  sum  of 
$11,000;  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred 
and  twenty-four,  the  sum  of  $9,000;  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June 
thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  twenty-five,  the  sum  of  $34,000;  and 
annually  thereafter  the  sum  of  $27,000. 

Sec.  3.  That  for  the  purpose  of  co-operating  with  the  States  in 
paying  the  salaries  of  teachers  of  trade,  home  economics,  and  indus- 
trial subjects  there  is  hereby  appropriated  for  the  use  of  the  States, 
for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and 
eighteen,  the  sum  of  $500,000;  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  thirtieth, 
nineteen  hundred  and  nineteen,  the  sum  of  $750,000;  for  the  fiscal  year 
ending  June  thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  twenty,  the  sum  of 
$1,000,000;  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred 
and  twenty-one,  the  sum  of  $1,250,000;  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June 
thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  twenty-two,  the  sum  of  $1,500,000; 
for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  twenty- 
three,  the  sum  of  $1,750,000;  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  thirtieth, 
nineteen  hundred  and  twenty-four,  the  sum  of  $2,000,000;  for  the  fiscal 
year  ending  June  thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  twenty-five,  the  sum 
of  $2,500,000;  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  thirtieth,  nineteen  hun- 
dred and  twenty-six,  the  sum  of  $3,000,000;  and  annually  thereafter 
the  sum  of  $3,000,000.  Said  sums  shall  be  allotted  to  the  States  in  the 
proportion  which  their  urban  population  bears  to  the  total  urban  popu- 
lation in  the  United  States,  not  including  outlying  possessions,  accord- 
ing to  the  last  preceding  United  States  census:  Provided,  That  the 
allotment  of  funds  to  any  State  shall  be  not  less  than  a  minimum  of 
$5,000  for  any  fiscal  year  prior  to  and  including  the  fiscal  year  ending 
June  thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  twenty-three,  nor  less  than 
$10,0C0   for  any  fiscal   year  thereafter,   and  there   is   hereby   appro- 


40 

priated  the  following  sums,  or  so  much  thereof  as  may  be  needed, 
which  shall  be  used  for  the  purpose  of  providing  the  minimum  allot- 
ment to  the  States  provided  for  in  this  section:  For  the  fiscal  year 
ending  June  thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  eighteen,  the  sum  of 
$66,000;  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred 
and  nineteen,  the  sum  of  $46,000;  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June 
thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  twenty,  the  sum  of  $34,000;  for  the 
fiscal  year  ending  June  thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  twenty-one, 
the  sum  of  $28,000;  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  thirtieth,  nineteen 
hundred  and  twenty-two,  the  sum  of  $25,000;  for  the  fiscal  year  end- 
ing June  thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  twenty-three,  the  sum  of 
$22,000;  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred 
and  twenty-four,  the  sum  of  $19,000;  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June 
thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  twenty-five,  the  sum  of  $56,000;  for 
the  fiscal  year  ending  June  thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  twenty- 
six,  and  annually  thereafter,  the  sum  of  $50,000. 

That  not  more  than  twfenty  per  centum  of  the  money  appropriated 
under  this  act  for  the  payment  of  salaries  of  teachers  of  trade,  home 
economics,  and  industrial  subjects,  for  any  year,  shall  be  expended  for 
the  salaries  of  teachers  of  home  economics  subjects. 

Sec.  4.  That  for  the  purpose  of  co-operating  with  the  States  in  pre- 
paring teachers,  supervisors,  and  directors  of  agricultural  subjects 
and  teachers  of  trade  and  ind.istrial  and  home  economics  subjects  there 
is  hereby  appropriated  for  the  use  of  the  States  for  the  fiscal  year 
ending  June  thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  eighteen,  the  sum  of 
$500,000;  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred 
and  nineteen,  the  sum  of  $700,000;  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June 
thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  twenty,  the  sum  of  $900,000;  for  the 
fiscal  year  ending  June  thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  twen:y-one, 
and  annually  thereafter,  the  sum  of  $1,000,000.  Said  sums  shall  be 
allotted  to  the  States  in  the  proportion  which  their  population  bears 
to  the  total  population  of  the  United  States,  not  including  outlying 
possessions,  according  to  the  last  preceding  United  States  census: 
Provided,  That  the  allotment  of  funds  to  any  State  shall  be  not  less 
than  a  minimum  of  $5,000  for  ariy  fiscal  year  prior  to  and  including  the 
fiscal  year  ending  June  thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  nineteen,  nor 
less  than  $10,000  for  any  fiscal  year  thereafter.  And  there  is  hereby 
appropriated  the  following  sums,  or  so  much  thereof  as  may  be 
needed,  which  shall  be  used  for  the  purpose  of  providing  the  minimum 
allotment  provided  for  in  this  section:  For  the  fiscal  year  ending  June 
thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  eighteen,  the  sum  of  $46,000;  for  the 
fiscal  year  ending  June  thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  nineteen,  the 
sum  of  $32,000;  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  thirtieth,  nineteen  hun- 
dred and  twenty,  the  sum  of  $24,000;  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June 
thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  twenty-one,  and  annually  thereafter, 
the  sum  of  $90,000. 

Sec.  5.  That  in  order  to  secure  the  benefits  of  the  appropriations 
provided  for  in  sections  two,  three,  and  four  of  this  act,  any  State 
shall,  through  the  legislative  authority  thereof,  accept  the  provisions 


41 

of  this  act  and  designate  or  create  a  State  board,  consisting  of  not 
less  than  three  members,  and  having  all  necessary  power  to  co- 
operate, as  herein  provided,  with  the  Federal  Board  for  Vocational 
Education  in  the  administration  of  the  provisions  of  this  act.  The 
State  board  of  education,  or  other  board  having  charge  of  the  admin- 
istration of  public  education  in  the  State,  or  any  State  board  having 
charge  of  the  administration  of  any  kind  of  vocational  education  in 
the  State  may,  if  the  State  so  elects,  be  designated  as  the  State  board, 
for  the  purposes  of  this  act. 

In  any  State  the  legislature  of  which  does  not  meet  in  nineteen  hun- 
dred and  seventeen,  if  the  governor  of  that  State,  so  far  as  he  is 
authorized  to  do  so,  shall  accept  the  provisions  of  this  act  and  desig- 
nate or  create  a  State  board  of  not  less  than  three  members  to  act  in 
co-operation  with  the  Federal  Board  for  Vocational  Education,  the 
Federal  Board  shall  recognize  such  local  board  for  the  purposes  of 
this  act  until  the  legislature  of  such  State  meets  in  due  course  and 
has  been  in  session  sixty  days. 

Any  State  may  accept  the  benefits  of  any  one  or  more  of  the  re- 
spective funds  herein  appropriated,  and  it  may  defer  the  acceptance 
of  the  benefits  of  any  one  or  more  of  such  funds,  and  shall  be  required 
to  meet  only  the  conditions  relative  to  the  fund  or  funds  the  benefits 
of  which  it  has  accepted:  Provided,  That  after  June  thirtieth,  nineteen 
hundred  and  twenty,  no  State  shall  receive  any  appropriation  for 
salaries  of  teachers,  supervisors,  or  directors  of  agricultural  subjects, 
until  it  shall  have  taken  advantage  of  at  least  the  minimum  amount 
appropriated  for  the  training  of  teachers,  supervisors,  or  directors  of 
agricultural  subjects,  as  provided  for  in  this  act,  and  that  after  said 
date  no  State  shall  receive  any  appropriation  for  the  salaries  of 
teachers  of  trade,  home  economics,  and  industrial  subjects  until  it 
shall  have  taken  advantage  of  at  least  the  minimum  amount  appro- 
priated for  the  training  of  teachers  of  trade,  home  economics,  and 
industrial  subjects,  as  provided  for  in  this  act. 

Sec.  6.  That  a  Federal  Board  for  Vocational  Education  is  hereby 
created,  to  consist  of  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture,  the  Secretary  of 
Commerce,  the  Secretary  of  Labor,  the  United  States  Commissioner 
of  Education,  and  three  citizens  of  the  United  States  to  be  appointed 
by  the  President,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate. 
One  of  said  three  citizens  shall  be  a  representative  of  the  manufac- 
turing and  commercial  interests,  one  a  representative  of  the  agri- 
cultural interests,  and  one  a  representative  of  labor.  The  board  shall 
elect  annually  one  of  its  members  as  chairman.  In  the  first  instance, 
one  of  the  citizen  members  shall  be  appointed  for  one  year,  one  for 
two  years,  and  one  for  three  years,  and  thereafter  for  three  years  each. 
The  members  of  the  board  other  than  the  members  of  the  Cabinet  and 
the  United  States  Commissioner  of  Education  shall  receive  a  salary  of 
$5,000  per  annum. 

The  board  shall  have  power  to  co-operate  with  State  boards  in 
carrying  out  the  provisions  of  this  act.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the 
Federal  Board  for  Vocational  Education  to  make,  or  cause  to  have 


42 

made  studies,  investigations,  and  reports,  with  particular  reference  to 
their  use  in  aiding  the  States  in  the  establishment  of  vocational 
schools  and  classes  and  in  giving  instruction  in  agriculture,  trades  and 
industries,  commerce  and  commercial  pursuits,  and  home  economics. 
Such  studies,  investigations,  and  reports  shall  include  agriculture  and 
agricultural  processes  and  requirements  upon  agricultural  workers, 
trades,  industries,  and  apprenticeships,  trade  and  industrial  require- 
ments upon  industrial  workers,  and  classification  of  industrial  pro- 
cesses and  pursuits;  commerce  and  commercial  pursuits  and  require- 
ments upon  commercial  workers;  home  management,  domestic  science, 
and  the  study  of  related  facts  and  principles;  and  problems  of  ad- 
ministration of  vocational  schools  and  of  courses  of  study  and  in- 
struction  in  vocational   subjects. 

When  the  board  deems  it  advisable  such  studies,  investigations,  and 
reports  concerning  agriculture,  for  the  purposes  of  agricultural  edu- 
cation, may  be  made  in  co-operation  with  or  through  the  Department 
of  Agriculture;  such  studies,  investigations,  and  reports  concerning 
trades  and  industries,  for  the  purposes  of  trade  and  industrial  educa- 
tion, may  be  made  in  co-operation  with  or  through  the  Department 
of  Labor;  such  studies,  investigations,  and  reports  concerning  com- 
merce and  commercial  pursuits,  for  the  purposes  of  commercial  edu- 
cation, may  be  made  in  co-operation  with  or  through  the  Department 
of  Commerce;  such  studies,  investigations,  and  reports  concerning 
the  administration  of  vocational  schools,  courses  of  study  and  instruc- 
tion in  vocational  subjects,  may  be  made  in  co-operation  with  or 
through  the  Bureau  of  Education. 

The  Commissioner  of  Education  may  make  such  recommendations 
to  the  board  relative  to  the  administration  of  this  act  as  he  may  from 
time  to  time  deem  advisable.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  chairman  of 
the  board  to  carry  out  the  rules,  regulations,  and  decisions  which  the 
board  may  adopt.  The  Federal  Board  for  Vocational  Education  shall 
have  power  to  employ  such  assistants  as  may  be  necessary  to  carry 
out  the  provisions  of  this  act. 

Sec.  7.  That  there  is  hereby  appropriated  to  the  Federal  Board  for 
Vocational  Education  the  sum  of  $200,000  annually,  to  be  available 
from  and  after  the  passage  of  this  act,  for  the  purpose  of  making  or 
co-operating  in  making  the  studies,  investigations,  and  reports  pro- 
vided for  in  section  six  of  this  act,  and  for  the  purpose  of  paying  the 
salaries  of  the  officers,  the  assistants,  and  such  office  and  other  ex- 
penses as  the  board  may  deem  necessary  to  the  execution  and  admin- 
istration of  this  act. 

Sec.  8.  That  in  order  to  secure  the  benefits  of  the  appropriation 
for  any  purpose  specified  in  this  act,  the  State  board  shall  prepare 
plans,  showing  the  kinds  of  vocational  education  for  which  it  is  pro- 
posed that  the  appropriation  shall  be  used;  the  kinds  of  schools  and 
equipment;  courses  of  study;  methods  of  instruction;  qualifications  of 
teachers,  and,  in  the  case  of  agricultural  subjects,  the  qualifications  of 
supervisors  or  directors;  plans  for  the  training  of  teachers;  and,  in 
the  case  of  agricultural  subjects,  plans  for  the  supervision  of  agri- 


43 

cultural  education,  as  provided  for  in  section  ten-  Such  plans  shall 
be  submitted  by  the  State  board  to  the  Federal  Board  for  Vocational 
Education,  and  if  the  Federal  Board  finds  the  same  to  be  in  con- 
formity with  the  provisions  and  purposes  of  this  act,  the  same  shall 
be  approved.  The  State  board  shall  make  an  annual  report  to  the 
Federal  Board  for  Vocational  Education,  on  or  before  September  first 
of  each  year,  on  the  work  done  in  the  State  and  the  receipts  and  ex- 
penditures of  money  under  the  provisions  of  this  act. 

Sec.  9.  That  the  appropriation  for  the  salaries  of  teachers,  super- 
visors, or  directors  of  agricultural  subjects  and  of  teachers  of  trade, 
home  economics,  and  industrial  subjects  shall  be  devoted  exclusively  to 
the  payment  of  salaries  of  such  teachers,  supervisors,  or  directors 
having-  the  minimum  qualifications  set  up  for  the  State  by  the  State 
board,  with  the  approval  of  the  Federal  Board  for  Vocational  Educa- 
tion. The  cost  of  instruction  supplementary  to  the  instruction  in 
agricultural  and  in  trade,  home  economics,  and  industrial  subjects  pro- 
vided for  in  this  act,  necessary  to  build  a  well-rounded  course  of  train- 
ing, shall  be  borne  by  the  State  and  local  communities,  and  no  part  of 
the  cost  thereof  shall  be  borne  out  of  the  appropriations  herein  made. 
The  moneys  expended  under  the  provisions  of  this  act,  in  co-operation 
with  the  States,  for  the  salaries  of  teachers,  supervisors,  or  directors 
of  agricultural  subjects,  or  for  the  salaries  of  teachers  of  trade,  home 
economics,  and  industrial  subjects,  shall  be  conditioned  that  for  each 
dollar  of  Federal  money  expended  for  such  salaries  the  State  or  local 
community,  or  both,  shall  expend  an  equal  amount  for  such  salaries; 
and  that  appropriations  for  the  training  of  teachers  of  vocational  sub- 
jects, as  herein  provided,  shall  be  conditioned  that  such  money  be 
expended  for  maintenance  of  such  training  and  that  for  each  dollar  of 
Federal  money  so  expended  for  maintenance,  the  State  or  local  com- 
munity, or  both,  shall  expend  an  equal  amount  for  the  maintenance 
of  such  training. 

Sec.  10.  That  any  State  may  use  the  appropriation  for  agricultural 
purposes,  or  any  part  thereof  allotted  to  it,  under  the  provisions  of 
this  act,  for  the  salaries  of  teachers,  supervisors,  or  directors  of  agri- 
cultural subjects,  either  for  the  salaries  of  teachers  of  such  subjects  in 
schools  or  classes  or  for  the  salaries  of  supervisors  or  directors  of 
such  subjects  under  a  plan  of  supervision  for  the  State  to  be  set  up 
by  the  State  board,  with  the  approval  of  the  Federal  Board  for  Voca- 
tional Education.  That  in  order  to  receive  the  benefits  of  such  appro- 
priation for  the  salaries  of  teachers,  supervisors,  or  directors  of 
agricultural  subjects  the  State  board  of  any  State  shall  provide  in 
its  plan  for  agricultural  education  that  such  education  shall  be  that 
which  is  under  public  supervision  or  control;  that  the  controlling 
purpose  of  such  education  shall  be  to  fit  for  useful  employment;  that 
such  education  shall  be  of  less  than  college  grade  and  be  designed  to 
meet  the  needs  of  persons  over  fourteen  years  of  age  who  have  entered 
upon  or  who  are  preparing  to  enter  upon  the  work  of  the  farm  or  of 
the  farm  home;  that  the  State  or  local  community,  or  both,  shall 
provide  the  necessary  plant  and  equipment  determined  upon  by  the 


44 

State  board,  with  the  approval  of  the  Federal  Board  for  Vocational 
Education,  as  the  minimum  requirement  for  such  education  in  schools 
and  classes  in  the  State;  that  the  amount  expended  for  the  main- 
tenance of  such  education  in  any  school  or  class  receiving  the  benefit 
of  such  appropriation  shall  be  not  less  annually  than  the  amount  fixed 
by  the  State  board,  with  the  approval  of  the  Federal  Board  as  the 
minimum  for  such  schools  or  classes  in  the  State;  that  such  schools 
shall  provide  for  directed  or  supervised  practice  in  agriculture,  either 
on  a  farm  provided  for  by  the  school  or  other  farm,  for  at  least  six 
months  per  year;  that  the  teachers,  supervisors,  or  directors  of  agri- 
cultural subjects  shall  have  at  least  the  minimum  qualifications  deter- 
mined for  the  State  by  the  State  board,  with  the  approval  of  the 
Federal  Board  for  Vocational  Education. 

Sec.  11.  That  in  order  to  receive  the  benefits  of  the  appropriation 
for  the  salaries  of  teachers  of  trade,  home  economics,  and  industrial 
subjects  the  State  board  of  any  State  shall  provide  in  its  plan  for 
trade,  home  economics,  and  industrial  education  that  such  education 
shall  be  given  in  schools  or  classes  under  public  supervision  or  control; 
that  the  controlling  purpose  of  such  education  shall  be  to  fit  for  useful 
employment;  that  such  education  shall  be  of  less  than  college  grade 
and  shall  be  designed  to  meet  the  needs  of  persons  over  fourteen  years 
of  age  who  are  preparing  for  a  trade  or  industrial  pursuit  or  who 
have  entered  upon  the  work  of  a  trade  or  industrial  pursuit;  that  the 
State  or  local  community,  or  both,  shall  provide  the  necessary  plant 
and  equipment  determined  upon  by  the  State  board,  with  the  approval 
of  the  Federal  Board  for  Vocational  Education,  as  the  minimum  re- 
quirement in  such  State  for  education  for  any  given  trade  or  indus- 
trial pursuit;  that  the  total  amount  expended  for  the  maintenance  of 
such  education  in  any  school  or  class  receiving  the  benefit  of  such 
appropriation  shall  be  not  less  annually  than  the  amount  fixed  by  the 
State  board,  with  the  approval  of  the  Federal  Board,  as  the  minimum 
for  such  schools  or  classes  in  the  State;  that  such  schools  or  classes 
giving  instruction  to  persons  who  have  not  entered  upon  employment 
shall  require  that  at  least  half  of  the  time  of  such  instruction  be  given 
to  practical  work  on  a  useful  or  productive  basis,  such  instruction  to 
extend  over  not  less  than  nine  months  per  year  and  not  less  than 
thirty  hours  per  week;  that  at  least  one-third  of  the  sum  appropriated 
to  any  State  for  the  salaries  of  teachers  of  trade,  home  economics,  and 
industrial  subjects  shall,  if  expended,  be  applied  to  part-time  schools 
or  classes  for  workers  over  fourteen  years  of  age  who  have  entered 
upon  employment,  and  such  subjects  in  a  part-time  school  or  class 
may  mean  any  subject  given  to  enlarge  the  civic  or  vocational  intel- 
ligence of  such  workers  over  fourteen  and  less  than  eighteen  years  of 
age;  that  such  part-time  schools  or  classes  shall  provide  for  not  less 
than  one  hundred  and  forty-four  hours  of  classroom  instruction  per 
year;  that  evening  industrial  schools  shall  fix  the  age  of  sixteen  years 
as  a  minimum  entrance  requirement  and  shall  confine  instruction  to 
that  which  is  supplemental  to  the  daily  employment;  that  the  teachers 
of  any  trade  or  industrial  subject  in  any  State  shall  have  at  least  the 


45 

minimum  qualifications  for  teachers  of  such  subject  determined  upon 
for  such  State  by  the  State  board,  with  the  approval  of  the  Federal 
Board  for  Vocational  Education:  Provided,  That  for  cities  and  towns 
of  less  than  twenty-five  thousand  population,  according  to  the  last 
preceding  United  States  census,  the  State  board,  with  the  approval 
of  the  Federal  Board  for  Vocational  Education,  may  modify  the  con- 
ditions as  to  the  length  of  course  and  hours  of  instruction  per  week  for 
schools  and  classes  giving  instruction  to  those  who  have  not  entered 
upon  employment,  in  order  to  meet  the  particular  needs  of  such  cities 
and  towns. 

Sec.  12,  That  in  order  for  any  State  to  receive  the  benefits  of  the 
appropriation  in  this  act  for  the  training  of  teachers,  supervisors,  or 
directors  of  agricultural  subjects,  or  of  teachers  of  trade,  industrial  or 
home  economics  subjects,  the  State  board  of  such  State  shall  provide 
in  its  plan  for  such  training  that  the  same  shall  be  carried  out  under 
the  supervision  of  the  State  board;  that  such  training  shall  be  given 
in  schools  or  classes  under  public  supervision  or  control;  that  such 
training  shall  be  given  only  to  persons  who  have  had  adequate  voca- 
tional experience  or  contact  in  the  line  of  work  for  which  they  are 
preparing  themselves  as  teachers,  supervisors,  or  directors,  or  who 
are  acquiring  such  experience  or  contact  as  a  part  of  their  training; 
and  that  the  State  board,  with  the  approval  of  the  Federal  Board, 
shall  establish  minimum  requirements  for  such  experience  or  contact 
for  teachers,  supervisors,  or  directors  of  agricultural  subjects  and  for 
teachers  of  trade,  industrial,  and  home  economics  subjects;  that  not 
more  than  sixty  per  centum  nor  less  than  twenty  per  centum  of  the 
money  appropriated  under  this  act  for  the  training  of  teachers  of 
vocational  subjects  to  any  State  for  any  year  shall  be  expended  for 
any  one  of  the  following  purposes:  For  the  preparation  of  teachers, 
supervisors,  or  directors  of  agricultural  subjects,  or  the  preparation 
of  teachers  of  trade  and  industrial  subjects,  or  the  preparation  of 
teachers  of  home  economics  subjects. 

Sec.  13-  That  in  order  to  secure  the  benefits  of  the  appropriations 
for  the  salaries  of  teachers,  supervisors,  or  directors  of  agricultural 
subjects,  or  for  the  salaries  of  teachers  of  trade,  home  economics,  and 
industrial  subjects,  or  for  the  training  of  teachers  as  herein  provided, 
any  State  shall,  through  the  legislative  authority  thereof,  appoint  as 
custodian  for  said  appropriations  its  State  treasurer,  who  shall  receive 
and  provide  for  the  proper  custody  and  disbursements  of  all  money 
paid  to  the  State  from  said  appropriations. 

Sec.  14.  That  the  Federal  Board  for  Vocational  Education  shall 
annually  ascertain  whether  the  several  States  are  using,  or  are  pre- 
pared to  use,  the  money  received  by  them  in  accordance  with  the  pro- 
visions of  this  act.  On  or  before  the  first  day  of  January  of  each 
year  the  Federal  Board  for  Vocational  Education  shall  certify  to  the 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury  each  state  which  has  accepted  the  pro- 
visions of  this  act  and  complied  therewith,  certifying  the  amounts 
which  each  State  is  entitled  to  receive  under  the  provisions  of  this  act. 
Upon  such  certification  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  shall  pay  quar- 


46 


terly  to  the  custodian  for  vocational  education  of  each  State  the 
moneys  to  which  it  is  entitled  under  the  provisions  of  this  act.  The 
moneys  so  received  by  the  custodian  for  vocational  education  for  any 
State  shall  be  paid  out  on  the  requisition  of  the  State  board  as  reim- 
bursement for  expenditures  already  incurred  to  such  schools  are  are 
approved  by  said  State  board  and  are  entitled  to  receive  such  moneys 
under  the  provisions  of  this  act. 

Sec.  15.  That  whenever  any  portion  of  the  fund  annually  allotted 
to  any  State  has  not  been  expended  for  the  purpose  provided  for  in 
this  act,  a  sum  equal  to  such  portion  shall  be  deducted  by  the  Federal 
Board  from  the  next  succeeding  annual  allotment  from  such  fund  to 
such  State. 

Sec.  16.  That  the  Federal  Board  for  Vocational  Education  may 
withhold  the  allotment  of  moneys  to  any  State  whenever  it  shall  be 
determined  that  such  moneys  are  not  being  expended  for  the  purposes 
and  under  the  conditions  of  this  act. 

If  any  allotment  is  withheld  from  any  State,  the  State  board  of 
such  State  may  appeal  to  the  Congress  of  the  United  States,  and  if 
the  Congress  shall  not  direct  such  sum  to  be  paid,  it  shall  be  covered 
into  the  Treasury. 

Sec.  17.  That  if  any  portion  of  the  moneys  received  by  the  cus- 
todian for  vocational  education  of  any  State  under  this  act,  for  any 
given  purpose  named  in  this  act,  shall,  by  any  action  or  contingency, 
be  diminished  or  lost,  it  shall  be  replaced  by  such  State,  and  until  so 
replaced  no  subsequent  appropriation  for  such  education  shall  be  paid 
to  such  State.  No  portion  of  any  moneys  appropriated  under  this  act 
for  the  benefit  of  the  States  shall  be  applied,  directly  or  indirectly, 
to  the  purchase,  erection,  preservation,  or  repair  of  any  building  or 
buildings  or  equipment,  or  for  the  purchase  or  rental  of  lands,  or  for 
the  support  of  any  religious  or  privately  owner  or  conducted  school  or 
college. 

Sec-  18.  That  the  Federal  Board  for  Vocational  Education  shall 
make  an  annual  report  to  Congress,  on  or  before  December  first,  on 
the  administration  of  this  act,  and  shall  include  in  such  report  the 
reports  made  by  the  State  boards  on  the  administration  of  this  act  by 
each  State  and  the  expenditure  of  the  money  allotted  to  each  State. 

Approved,  February  23,  1917. 


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STaSSId  ^E^IAST  DATE 


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11  J937 


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UNIVERSITY  OF  CAUFOftNIA  UBftARY 


